A report concerning critical thinking and the Indu Essay Example For Students

A report concerning basic reasoning and the Indu Essay strial Revolution. The eighteenth century achieved numerous progressions to European nations. Progressions in science, innovation and building realized an improvement in day to day environments to the across the board territory. The improved living conditions actuated an expansion of populace by the millions. From 1750-1800, the English populace developed from 6 to 9 million and the French populace developed from 19 to a tremendous increment of 26 million. Stricter sanitation came about diminishing the measure of illness radically. Food became less expensive in light of expanded buys. Things that once considered extravagances became necessities. Sugar, chocolate, espresso, tea, and hides changed into family unit things rather than indulgences just the rich could manage. Indeed, even the poor had the option to manage the cost of new vegetables, for example, potatoes what's more, carrots, and cotton and material attire. The expansion in populace moreover realized the requesting for the expansion of merchandise. So as to meet the requirements of the nations, sellers, storekeepers and shippers were constrained into huge scope creation of their product. The making of manufacturing plants came to fruition by retailers battling to meet the prerequisites of the majority encompassing them. The development of intensity driven hardware was propelled so as to contend with others. The apparatus turned out items by the thousands or even millions relying upon the requirements of the nation. The primary manufacturing plants were moderately little in scale, yet there were likewise enormous businesses who had two or three thousand. The plant framework devastated the extraordinary lion's share of old hand exchanges on the grounds that the longing for hand created materials was diminished because of the cost and the moderate creation process. A few ranchers relinquished their cultivating due to the changing conditions and started working at production lines for low wages. The Industrial Revolution realized another method of dispersing products. It made creation faster, progressively proficient and financially savvy. All individuals thought the progressions improved made a domain encompassing them, be that as it may, the laborers in the industrial facilities were much of the time tormented by sicknesses got while working in risky conditions that accompanied the activity. Individuals may state that the Industrial Revolution was an incredible time in history where living states of all were better, yet in fact many became undesirable in light of the fact that of upsetting working conditions. As a result, the Revolution accomplished more mischief at that point it helped. Younger students were instructed that they were to keep occupied in their work on account of the outcomes confronting them in the lines of a basic school psalm which state, In works of work or of aptitude I would be occupied as well; For Satan discovers some evil for inactive hands to do. (Isaac Watts, Divine and Moral Tunes for Children 1869) This archive truly solid not just in light of the fact that an creator and date are given, but since it is presumably wide known all through England since it is a song educated to the offspring of the center class. Laborers during the Industrial Revolution frequently felt exhausted as a result of the long, upsetting hours put upon them by their bosses. A Manchester spinner clarifies that they are secured up processing plants eight stories high, (the specialist) has no unwinding till the unwieldy motor stops, and afterward they return home to get revived for the following day; no an ideal opportunity for sweet relationship with their families; they are largely indistinguishable exhausted and depleted. (Dark Dwarf, 1818) This report features valid statements encompassing the workaholic behavior of the laborers, however since there is no name, the dependability of the record is diminished incredibly. There was a lot of extremely difficult work that laborers had to do during consistent and exhausting hours. .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .postImageUrl , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:hover , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:visited , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:active { border:0!important; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:active , .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a . focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua40469625ef3be97b1bb788a8270899a:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Altered States of Consciousness Essay This didn't occur during the entire time of industrialization, however started at the point when the presentation of machines, for example, the steam motor clarifies the spinner. They state that when steam motors were joined, laborers lost their control over their work suggesting that they required presently to stay aware of the machines pace rather than their own. Not exclusively did assembly line laborers feel exhausted, numerous different occupations felt the strain put on them by their ceaseless hours. An excavator in Germany additionally clarifies my brow consumes like fire at the point when it becomes intolerable I stop my moderate, energyless working. This report is exceptionally temperamental on the grounds that it does not have a reference of where it is from. It likewise comes up short on a particular date. We were given the planning of this extract to an ambiguous time of right off the bat in the twentieth century. The two records show the issue with the extended periods of time put in by laborers , however they do have motivation to mutilate data so as to .

The Assessment Process Essay Example for Free

The Assessment Process Essay Presentation Assessment is the way toward making a decision about a learner’s abilities and information inside the work spot or preparing condition, set against the National Occupational Standards. (NOS) These guidelines reflect best practice in the specific business. Students will be surveyed as either skillful or not yet capable and their proof will be decided as adequate or deficient for them to have arrived at these measures. see more:identify methods of supporting a person to settle on educated decisions The assessor will work intimately with the student and work towards a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) Note NVQs in the UK are currently continuously being supplanted with the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF) NVQ’s are commonly masterminded in levels which are organized into units every unit conveys various credits, they are competency based I. e. they require the exhibit of capacities to play out a standard of occupation, both in aptitudes and a comprehension of what the student does and why. Students can attempt a NVQ whenever, they will be required to go to an underlying enlistment meeting inside which the student will pick units to deal with. Every unit covers a general region of work and conveys a specific number of credits and results. Students are required to finish various obligatory units and afterward discretionary units are picked to accomplish the necessary number of credits. Students will have ordinary gatherings in the working environment, with their assessor to examine proof standards, progress and set targets. The Assessment Process The evaluation procedure can be separated into the accompanying areas :- 1 Recruitment, acceptance beginning appraisal Once the student is enlisted and drafted into the program an Initial evaluation is done. This includes the distinguishing proof and assortment of a wide scope of data to empower the assessor to build up a viable, effective, customized and positive preparing program for the student. The assessor’s job is to help the student to increase an outline of the capabilities the person wants to pick up and to design their course to accomplishing it including choosing the correct units, organized appropriately and recognizing any additional help they may require. Data gathered during the underlying evaluation incorporates:- * Social/ethnic foundation. * Learning troubles, handicaps and wellbeing or individual challenges. * Previous capacities, experience, instruction, capabilities and accomplishments (RPL) * Learner qualities. * Areas for advancement †shortcomings. * Current employment job. * Learners short and long haul aspirations, objectives, needs and desires. * Time assets. * Available offices and backing. It is the assessor’s obligation to decide the learner’s demeanor and duty and to guarantee that he/she is completely engaged with the procedure. Inability to complete an intensive beginning appraisal can bring about directing the student to unsatisfactory alternatives, the preparation taking excessively long and sitting around idly, exertion and assets, prompting baffled students and bringing about a high pace of â€Å"drop outs†. 2 †Planning Before the appraisal of a student starts, it is essential to make an arrangement of how the assessor will complete the evaluation. The general point is to get ready for the sorts of proof expected to advise the assessor’s choices. An all encompassing methodology is significant here I. e. the evaluation procedure should be arranged around what the student is doing, at that point connecting these exercises to the word related guidelines, not the other route round Important for students in the workplace. Significant strides for the assessor during arranging are to :- 1. Guarantee a review of all the applicable units inside the students picked way, considering the consequences of the underlying evaluation. 2. Have every single essential record concerning the students existing accomplishments to hand 3. Check the level at which the student is at present working. 4. Rundown everyday exercises, duties and capacities and connection units to these key exercises It is indispensable that the student is included at each progression of the procedure, and pivotal that all subtleties are concurred by him/her particularly the learning objectives and time scales. Appraisal designs The consequences of the arranging stage ought to be recorded by the assessor on a report called The Assessment Plan. Every evaluation plan should record :- * Who is being surveyed, where and when. * What action is being surveyed, and the units for which the proof will be given * What appraisal strategies will be utilized, how they will be recorded and where the proof will be put away after the evaluation. * When and how input will be given. * Who else should be educated regarding, or engaged with the appraisal. * What the courses of action are for investigating progress and refreshing plans for evaluation. * Anything the student needs to welcome upon the arrival of appraisal. 3 †The crucial obligations of the assessor Good appraisal practice depends extraordinarily on a legitimate and reliable connection between the assessor and the student, fundamental for fruitful and tenable outcomes. Validity in evaluation is ensured by guaranteeing that all appraisal practices and methods are administered by the accompanying arrangement of standards :- Fairness, straightforwardness objectivity. The assessor must :- * Give the student the best chance to show their learning and information and the appraisal procedure must not block or favorable position the student in any capacity. * Consider the necessities and attributes of the student. * Provide straightforwardness I. e. discuss obviously with the student to guarantee he/she is completely educated about, comprehends and can take part all the while. * Inform of offer chances and methods. * Not segregate on sex, race or inability (the fairness demonstration 2010) Validity. Legitimacy is a proportion of the precision of an evaluation or is the appraisal really doing what it should do? Every evaluation ought to be intended to permit students to deliver the proof to show that they have the necessary information, comprehension and abilities for the capability they are focusing on. An evaluation is substantial when it :- * Is suitable for the reason, e. g. a viable appraisal ought to be utilized to survey useful abilities, a composed evaluation that gets some information about an aptitude as opposed to show it would have low legitimacy. * Allows students to create adequate proof of the information, comprehension and aptitudes that are required to fulfill principles of the capability. * Allows assessors to settle on dependable evaluation choices for all students. Unwavering quality Reliability is a proportion of the level of consistency with which a students reactions to an appraisal are judged. To be dependable, appraisal choices on students execution must be steady over all assessors for all up-and-comers undertaking a similar evaluation task. In any appraisal framework, techniques must be set up to guarantee this. Evaluation choices are solid when :- * They are created by legitimate appraisals which are delivered under states of evaluation that are reliably applied. * They are steady over the scope of assessors applying the evaluation in various circumstances, settings and with various students. * They are assumed the premise of obviously characterized gauges of execution. * The validated work of the student is being surveyed. * They are predictable after some time. The connection among legitimacy and dependability Validity and unwavering quality are associated. An evaluation that produces conflicting outcomes can't give legitimate data about a learner’s accomplishment. Then again, profoundly steady outcomes don't really demonstrate high legitimacy, since the test might be unseemly for the skill being evaluated. For instance, the consequences of a maths test including routine estimations may have a high level of legitimacy for showing arithmetical aptitudes yet a low level of legitimacy for demonstrating critical thinking capacities. High legitimacy and high unwavering quality are bound to be accomplished when assessors :- * Measure students against results of realizing which have plainly characterized execution levels. * Use evaluation instruments that are proper to the results. * Minimize subjectivity. 4 Learning and improvement The student experiences preparing and advancement after some time and :- * Acquires abilities and information. * Practices and applies what they have realized. * Starts to perform to the principles. * Consistently performs to the guidelines under an assortment of conditions at work. Evaluation for learning happens at ordinary interims to perceive how the student is advancing. Students are given input on their exhibition, targets are balanced and further preparing and advancement are organized as essential. Developmental Assessment Formative evaluation is a casual procedure utilized by assessors and students to perceive and react to understudy learning so as to improve that getting the hang of during the learning. It is a technique for evaluating for learning instead of appraisal of learning (summative evaluation) It happens during the evaluation, is a basic piece of the learning procedure and includes the assessor indentifying the learner’s present standard of capacities and work. It gives criticism which supplies recommendations on how the student can create and causes the assessor to alter the learning procedure to suit the student on a progressing premise. Points of interest :- * Provides the student with a â€Å"safe place† permitting him/her to commit errors and gain from them instead of the punishments of summative appraisal. * Guides assessor into settling on choices about future guidance empowering them to monitor advance and adjust preparing to the necessities of students. * Improves student inspiration and accomplishment. * Engages the student

All the Pretty Horses novel Essay Example for Free

All the Pretty Horses epic Essay The primary character, John Grady Cole, faces a lot of hardships all through his excursion from his home in Texas to Mexico. Then again, McCarthy composes this honor winning book in a positive manner, exhibiting the harmony among hopefulness and negativity in our reality. He shows how John Grady Cole has developed and developed generously in view of this pessimism he faces. The peruser can plainly observe the pessimism not just in the main page of the novel, yet in addition in the primary section. McCarthy starts the book with, â€Å"†¦ he took a gander at the face so buckled and drawn among the folds of memorial service material, the yellowed mustache, the eyelids paper slender. That was not sleeping†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3). The burial service depicted in the principal page is John Grady’s grandpa’s memorial service. Beginning a book off along these lines (with a dead body) clearly focuses the peruser towards the supposition that this book is a long, shocking ride with much demise and annihilation. The picture of the casket, the yellowing mustache, and the expired individual unmistakably shows the pessimism that fills this book. All through the book, John Grady Cole faces numerous difficulties and much affliction and figures out how to live with it. In the wake of leaving their home in Texas, John Grady and his closest companion Rawlins travel many miles deep into the core of Mexico riding a horse until they arrive at a farm offering work called La Purisima. Both of these young men are talented at working with ponies and invest a large portion of their energy at the farm restraining and dealing with the numerous ponies there. While working at La Purisima, John meets the farm owner’s little girl, a wonderful young lady named Alejandra, and begins to look all starry eyed. Alejandra’s father completely doesn't welcome this; indeed, he arranges for John Grady and Rawlins to be captured as a result of John’s cooperations with Alejandra. The hardships that these young men face are tireless, in any case, John Grady will not hang his head and surrender. On their way to the prison, John Grady says to Rawlins, â€Å"I can’t back up and begin once again. In any case, I don’t see the point in slobberin over it† (155). Now, McCarthy uncovers how John Grady has developed and has figured out how to live with the distresses he faces. With this freshly discovered development, and as John Grady Cole defeats this horrible excursion of antagonism, he has figured out how to live with the cynicism and has discovered how the negatives go one next to the other with the positives. Approaching the finish of the book John Grady Cole understands that â€Å"the world’s agony and its excellence moved in a relationship of wandering equity† (282). John Grady has taken in the expertise of looking for the light in a dim room, continually declining to harp on the negative parts of his numerous frightful circumstances. He has another shrewdness of the world and has figured out how it functions. Taking everything into account, McCarthy composes All The Pretty Horses with much cynicism and simultaneously he conveys an exercise of how energy is covered up in each circumstance, excursion, and life. McCarthy exhibits how John Grady Cole learns development the most difficult way possible: through hardships, distress and demise. This book leaves the peruser with a tear in their eye and a grin all over, for they realize that distress is perched on the doorstep of joy.

The Unusual Secret of Sociological Topics

The Unusual Secret of Sociological Topics Using Sociological Topics Very rare are cases when you can't locate the source you need on the web. Try to remember that what you do with the aid of PowerPoint is in fact the outline of the research you've done and the outcomes you've got. Social crises may also bring about a household to fall under the poverty line almost instantly. A recent study showed that people who utter self-affirmations might be less inclined to follow a goal when they experience failure. Global Perspective In some sections of earth, adopted children continue to be frowned upon. It's so normal for Americans to slip under the poverty line on account of the absence of a security net. As stated by the statistics, smokers die earlier than ordinary individuals who don't have bad habits. Moreover, smoking can cause miscarriage, a very low birth weight or stillbirth. Cigarette smoking doesn't have any positive wellness benefit and it harms both an individual who smokes and a so-called passive smoker. In conclusion, it does not have any benefit for health. The Sociological Topics Cover Up Determine the field which you find exciting. Defining the area and unsettled questions will offer you a thought of what things to begin with and how to work on research. After a couple of weeks of research, it looks like there isn't anything researchable left on topics. Sports research paper topics cover a wide variety of fields. Together with fostering academic growth within the classroom, Sociology faculty members encourage student development beyond the classroom by means of a range of internship and volunteer opportunities. Topics of the research can fluctuate greatly. Sociology classes cover information which is pertinent to people in any area of study. Sociology is among the fields studied by the majority of university, college and even significant school students. If you wish to learn how to compose excellent essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. It is necessary for the topic chosen for sociology term papers to be researchable, meaning there ought to be vast quantity of information on that particular topic. Other periods, it genuinely isn't so effortless. The lack of arguments in your sociology paper may also play a cruel joke alongside you. It is not reasonable to put up my perspective to the story without having their input on it also. If only a few individuals are speaking o ut against it, then it isn't a social matter. Sometimes you'll have an investigate topic thought that comes to your thoughts straight away, and which is very good. To begin with, your essay is supposed to deal with a particular social, psychological or anthropological matter. Get the Scoop on Sociological Topics Before You're Too Late You're definitely anticipated to supply the outcomes of your Sociology analysis or experiment. Your Personal Interest Never compose an essay on the issue you're not interested in. The magazine ought to be specified also. The short article ought to have a publication date of 2007. Don't forget, that you're going to be asked to locate enough info on the topic to compose your essay. The Most Popular Sociological Topics Not simply within the home, but in the schools too, it's essential to keep a good hygiene condition. For some reason it's believed that sociology is a rather unsteady and vague direction, which does not offer the chance to develop and receive a high-paid job later on. Since there isn't anything more important and more costly than time for a student. Well, you don't need to listen to what we are likely to inform you, it's your own company. Top Sociological Topics Secrets Working memory is that part of your memory system that enables you to keep information actively in consciousness, either because you're learning something for the very first time or are attempting to recall something you learned before. When deciding on your social problem s topic, bear in mind that it's always far better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. Bear in mind that even common theories can escape date since society is continually changing and developing. Utilize all you know to reveal your knowledge of the Earth, and bring out good old philosophical theories. Basically, it is a science about how humans interact with one another in society. Social media as a new type of child-bullying. There are a few important things which you want to know to be able to write up a great essay. Sooner or later in your daily living for a pupil, you could be asked to compose an investigation paper. When you get a task to compose an essay on a social issue, you're given a chance to open an exciting discourse. The joke is that whether you ask a psychologist a question, you're going to receive a question in return.

The Racism Of African Americans - 771 Words

From the beginning African Americans started off as kings and queens of Africa. They ruled their own people. Stories have been told how the rulers were tricked by English men or most commonly known as the â€Å"white man.† This has been configured and no one really knows the true story because we didn’t exist then. African Americans were deprived from their mainland. Blacks were then transported to the New America. In 1619, the first blacks were enslaved in Virginia. They were used to do many jobs by owners because Caucasians couldn’t handle being in the sun for long periods of time but blacks were called the lazy ones. African Americans as a group were discriminated, enslaved, and had no power. There is two types of racism which is overt and subtle. Overt racism is more blatant and may take the form of public statements about the inferiority of members of a racial or ethnic group. For example, a racist chanting during a public event. Subtle racism, for example, suggesting an African Americans athletes have natural abilities for a certain sports. African Americans get both types of this racism. It goes from signs, flags, entertainment, etc. In entertainment we are nationally talked about comedies, television shows, reality, etc. Blacks are portrayed as loud and it shows just a couple individuals and we are discriminated by their actions. The things people see on television by a particular race, people assume the entire race does that or contribute to their actions. Media is aShow MoreRelatedRacism On African Americans : Racism Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesRacism On African Americans The history of America has been shaped powerfully over the years by racial inequality and race. Most Americans believe that the freedom fighters in establishing of their country were motivated by their thirst for religious liberty, freedom, economic and political independence. However, it was established in terms of oppression, inequality, and domination, leading to the slaves’ denial of freedom. Therefore, this makes it to be the greatest inconsistency in the country’sRead MoreThe Racism Of African Americans959 Words   |  4 Pagesembedment of racism into American society has created severe disadvantages for African Americans. In addition to the negative effects of individual racism, systemic racism s crushing discrimination has devastated the African Americans in this country. Due to the horrors of systemic racism many African Americans find themselves at economic and social disadvantages. The education opportunities they encounter are far more limited than the ones White Americans do. As a result, African Americans often achieveRead MoreRacism : Racism And African Americans1868 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has been a problem in the United States of America for a long time, dating back to early America when the Native Americans were often attacked, harassed, and killed. Another early problem of racism is the African slave trade. Enslaving and trading the African people amongst white people also helped contribute to the environment of a racist culture in America by demoralizing the African races and teaching white Americans that they are better than the African races. Although the civil rightsRead MoreThe Racism Of African Americans858 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans have suffered from racism in so many horrific ways! They have been used in ways unexplainable to the mind. Whether it was through sexual abuse or dating all the way back to slavery times. However, in today’s society African Americans are still being affected by racis m not only in a physical, emotional, and mental manner but, also in their way of living. How would you feel if you were judged by the color of your skin to the point where you can’t even make a living? Racism is aliveRead MoreRacism Against African Americans : Racism1575 Words   |  7 Pages3 4 February 2016 Racism against African Americans â€Å"I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.†-Malcom X. Is racism against the African American descent still a big issue in America? Racism against African Americans has been going on for quite some time and yes, it’s still a continuous problem. 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Compare Contrast 3 Essays - 1982 Words

The three essays, quot;Thank God For The Atom Bombquot; by Paul Fussel, quot;Democracyquot; by Carl Becker, and quot;Chief Seattle: Letter to President Pierce, 1855quot; are three different rhetorical modes of writing that exposits theoretical, personal reasoning on the realities of certain controversial historical topics. The main focus of the essays are in proving a steadfast view of an ambiguous subject through sarcastic criticism of opposing ideas and by applying clever use of irony; the authors’ sentiments vary from imperialistic to anti-imperialistic, and from attesting to detesting a past event.quot;Thank God For The Atom Bombquot; is a straightforward imperialistic literature which analyzes cause and effect to justify the†¦show more content†¦The cause and effect of the A-bomb is therefore justified; the cause was to cease further bloodshed and the effect was the carnage ended. The positive effects does not only pertain to the Americans, but for the Japanese a lso, for the postwar Japan, an economic powerhouse quot;hustlingquot;(p460) successfully in today’s markets is the pay-off for it being quot;destroyed and then being humiliated, tamed, and constitutionalized by the West.quot;(p460) – obviously an imperialistic point of view.quot;Thank God For The Atom Bombquot; ironically can be viewed by some as anti-imperialistic as some view it imperialistic for it attacks Japanese imperialism and the Japanese psychology of the pre-war era which believed themselves to possess quot;invincible superiorityquot;(p459) thus having jurisdiction to treat another people they see fit, and that includes quot;gleeful use of bayonets on civilians, on nurses and the wounded, in Hong Kong and Singapore.quot;(p460). And it was Japan who decided to conquer the world and to deploy their diabolic armies of destruction across the globe. It must not be forgotten that the episode started by the incident at Pearl Harbor and ended by the incident at Nagas aki.The author’s voice throughout the whole essay is filled with sarcastic contempt for the people who question the moral of the bomb’s usage. He repeatedly attacks those criticsShow MoreRelatedEssay Compare Contrast 3 Psychological Approaches To The Study Of Criminal Behaviour1190 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast 3 psychological approaches to the study of criminal behaviour Tim Booth Crime has been defined as acts attracting legal punishment (Blackburn, 1993; p.5) and it can fall within numerous legal categories, ranging from crimes against persons, against property, white collar crimes and so on. However, offences such as moral crime, where no law has been broken, also need to be considered, especially when studying the cause and prevention through psychology. 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Persuasive on Overpopulation Essay Example For Students

Persuasive on Overpopulation Essay There are approximately 6 billion people on our planet now and by 2050 that number is expected to jump to 9 billion people. (http://www.prb.org/datafind/datafinder5.htm) Picture yourself driving down a crowded street or stuck in a traffic jam, have you ever wondered how it is possible for that many people to live all on the same planet. I have had those thoughts several times and believe that overpopulation is one of the biggest problems in the world today. Overpopulation has become a major crisis in the twenty-first century and its detrimental affect on our living standards, environment, and much needed resources. The problem is not the number of people in this world, but the way people choose to live. The dilemmas created by overpopulation affect people of all races and social status. This is why we as the human race must work together to preserve our planet and necessary resources before it is too late. The living standards embraced by todays population causes people to consume more resources, which in turn produces more waste and raises life expectancy. New industrial developments have provided a sense of stability and a lot more jobs for the people in their surrounding communities. Also, the increase in wages has allowed people to have larger families because they are able to support them financially. Statistics show that a child born in the U.S. today will produces 52 tons of waste and consume 11 million gallons of water by the age of 27. (World Overpopulation Awareness 2001) This is only one person; imagine what the numbers would look like for the entire population. Certain illnesses and diseases can be linked to the exposure the abundant amount of waste products and have a tendency to be more devastation and promenade in overpopulated areas. Fortunately, advances in the medical field, better doctors and new medications have all played a part in the decrease of these illnesses and have increased the life expectancy for people today versus 10, 20, and 30 years ago. The longer people live, the more influence their living standards have on the consumption of resources, disposal of wastes, and overall growing population. A more serious issue brought about by overpopulation also has an effect on the environment. The growth in the population has created a need for more energy to be produced. Energy is an important resource that is in constant demand, regardless of the pollution it disperses into our air and water. Air and water pollution can cause health problems and environmental issues which should not be overlooked, for the sake of our future and our childrens futures. The products used in this process release fumes into the air we breathe and are mostly invisible to the human eye. Air pollution rises into the atmosphere and combines with the moisture in the air and it causes acid rain. Acid rain then begins to contaminate our lakes and soil, as well as our drinking water, plants, and animals we consume. Some of the things we should do to lessen the amount of pollution immersed into our environment include, car-pooling, turning off lights when not in use, and even turning off the water while brushing your teeth. We definitely need energy to increase industrial developments, but we need to be smart about how we use it before it depletes every source of clean air and water available to us. A more commonly recognized issue created by overpopulation is the shortage of food, water, and shelter to accommodate all 6 billion people. Food and water are vital resources needed to just maintain existence. Having a place to live is a much-needed luxury that gives us protection from the environment and has even become a necessity in todays civilization. The increase in people means having to increase the amounts of food, water and shelter required to fulfill our human needs. The problem is there is only so much land left on this planet that we can use for food production and home building. Who decides what is more important? The amount of available land is decreasing just as fast as the need for these resources is increasing which creates a tremendous imbalance. .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .postImageUrl , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:hover , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:visited , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:active { border:0!important; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:active , .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua005f0cbd686d9f447a28eed4e71f8fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leda and the Swan Poetic Analysis Essay What happens when we run out .

Business Information Systems Essay Example

Business Information Systems Essay An evaluation of Apple Inc’s use of information systems through its website http://www. apple. com/ Introduction In the highly competitive world of business the ability to understand and make use of information systems can provide substantial benefits to an organization. The diversification of consumer taste and competition has put pressure on organizations to focus on customer involvement and business information systems have proven to be a versatile and useful tool in order to achieve this. Strategic information systems have the potential to allow an organization to gain a competitive advantage by accessing new markets and providing a more efficient and faster form of communication between managers. By improving communication within the organization, strategic information systems have the potential to reduce the cost of advertising, delivery, design and manufacturing. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the use of information systems in consideration of Apple Incorporated’s website. About Apple Inc. Founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the company was incorporated on January 3, 1977, under the company name Apple Computers. Initially the multinational company predominantly dealt as a manufacturer of personal computers, however in 2001 following the successful release of the iPod, the company established itself as a credible competitor within the consumer electronics industry. By 2010 Apple Inc had surpassed Microsoft in terms of market capitalization to become the largest technology company in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Information Systems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Information Systems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Apple Inc now provides 13 core products, including desktop computers, laptop computers, a tablet computer, a mobile phone range, a range of portable media players and a home media player. In addition, the company also provides accessories for all of its core products, as well as server and networking solutions. Furthermore Apple Inc provides both tangible products, as listed above, and intangible digital media through its software ‘iTunes’ and more recently via the newly launched ‘App Store’. Over 10 billion songs and applications have been downloaded via Apples software based digital media outlet and within the first quarter of 2010 Apple had sold 3. 36 million Macintosh computers, 8. 7 million iPhones and 21 million iPods (Apple Inc. ). As with other consumer electronics companies Apple Inc provides a comprehensive after sale support service including hardware, software and educational services through its websites and retail outlets. Apples main manufacturing facilities are located within China along with the majority of its suppliers of electrical components such as Foxconn Technology Group. The company has in excess of 70 offices worldwide with 46,600 permanent employees (United State Securities and Exchange Comission, 2010). Apple Inc’s current business model encompasses three broad categories those being, software engineering, hardware manufacturing and retail. The company operates across a multi-channel platform of commerce selling to customers through the use of its website, software based digital media outlet, official retail stores and franchised retail stores. In terms of e-commerce Apple acts as a content provider through iTunes the App Store, an online service provider through its ‘mobile me’ subscription service, an online marketplace providing an environment in which buyers and sellers can meet to procure apple targeted accessories, e-tailing in providing official apple products and social networking services through ‘Ping’ as well as its online support discussion boards. The company is also actively involved in M-commerce through mobile software on its portable media players, tablet computers and mobile devices using the iTunes store and App Store. In order to reduce time between the point of sale and delivery, Apple has made use of a Just In Time approach, in turn reducing inventory costs. The JIT production technique is an integrated socio-technical inventory management system famously pioneered by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Website interface and usability Apples website makes use of a monochromatic colour scheme providing a white backdrop whilst displaying product images in colour. This enables Apple to draw its customers towards the products rather than distracting them with an overly complex or distracting layout, a technique mirrored in their advertising campaigns. The aesthetics of their website closely follows the design of their core products with the use of monochromatic colours and gentle gradients to give the illusion of aluminium. Apple has strived to provide simplistic and stylish design and their website is no exception. The design of the website is a conscious effort in an attempt to unify the sense of style and design across Apples product lines and points of customer contact whilst giving the user the perception that the interface is simplistic and easily accessible. Individual pages are well structured giving the user the perception that the information displayed on the page flows which in turn reduces the likelihood that the user will lose interest or have difficulties in navigating the site. Apple is extremely successful and well known for its marketing techniques, its website is used as another point of contact for customers providing a medium to display its marketing prowess. Individual pages for core products normally begin with a large image or set of images of the product with headlines, the choice to watch an advertisement or feature video directly below and directly under this, smaller images accompanied with key features or unique selling points. Apple structures each page by showing key features and images of the product drawing the customer in and providing easy to navigate links to find out more on greater detailed pages followed by the ability to purchase resulting in a flowing chain of information leading the buyer from the hard sell, to the product information, to the sale itself. Navigation on the site centres around its navigation bar which remains fixed at the top of each page on the website providing consistency to the site. [pic]. The bar consists of separate segments focused towards its main products followed by a support option and finally a search feature. The company also makes use of this fixed banner for branding purposes with the apple logo embedded on the left hand side of the bar. Once an option is chosen the user is then taken to a more detailed page containing sub sections, these secondary pages normally have their own navigation sections to explore the issue further, in the case of the online store making use of a sidebar. Apples search feature on the navigation bar compliments the websites simple and flowing design very well in that it enables users to search and skip to the information they require straight away. The search bar uses AJAX live search results providing a benefit over traditional searching as results are shown as the customer types, narrowed as he or she continues and if the results become too narrow the user is able to delete words to broaden the search horizon. The search results are grouped in a drop down window below the search bar in an easy to understand manner. The text on the website is easily readable and headings are easily ascertainable. Apples website can be optimized for user compatibility by changing language and country as well as providing clear links to an education store and business orientated store. The website also makes great use of white space to separate images and texts making product information and images stand out without distraction. In most cases the website accompanies text with images in order to maintain the customers attention to the product and its unique selling points. Use of Databases Apple successfully incorporates a variety of databases into its website design allowing customers to navigate, search and input data such as order information, tracking information and in the case of support, product information. As a result Apple is able to align inventory and sales to appropriately manage supply and demand across its supply chain. Through the use of variable field and searchable databases Apple also allows its users to make use of unique product numbers tailoring online support to customers specific needs. This type of searchable database results in a quick an efficient way in which customers are able to get the help and support they need. Apple also makes use of relational databases throughout its website design for instance in the case of its product pages and online store. By clicking on the primary key ‘Mac accessories’ a customer is then taken to another page featuring a database of information with similar links enabling the customer to successfully navigate and browse the online store until they find their preferred product. Apple also collates its products under sub categories or databases as in the case of ‘top sellers’ ‘top rated’ and ‘just added’ products options. A conscious effort by Apple to increase usability and minimize data redundancy ensuring the site is quick and easy to navigate. The majority of the primary keys on the store relate to Apples core products making them a useful tool in navigating the databases across the site. Apples website uses SQL [Structured Query Language] to manage its relational database management systems. Over the years Apples website has been tested by a string of SQL injection attacks creating hyperlinks to malicious sites from legitimate links on the website (CGIsecurity. com, 2010). The online databases must be updated in accordance with supply levels, with the addition of new products and the retraction of old. Apple’s fully integrated enterprise business information system and use of its JIT inventory approach enables a fully interactive supply chain, however with the use of the Apple online store as an e-marketplace the supply of products from other suppliers not fully integrated may distort the efficiency of current databases. Integration of business information systems Through its website Apple Inc provides its customers with the ability to personalise and configure their products prior to purchase. In addition, they are then able to their track orders, download manuals and driver support as well as receiving support via an online interactive library or alternative methods of contact such as online reservations to see certified staff in store, by email, phone or live chat. The website also provides discussion boards to resolve issues with other customers, online training and a self-service repair feature enabling customers to track and monitor product repairs as well as checking their entitlement under their personalised service and support packages. [pic] Apple has successfully integrated information systems across its business enabling the company to coordinate its e-commerce across its global operations and supply chain benefiting from real time information. Orders, reservations and requests placed on Apples fully interactive site are integrated with Apples procurement, manufacturing, management, retail and stock control systems providing information to the relevant departments automatically. This in turn allows managers to assess the demands and needs of the organization in real time. To do this successfully Apple’s website provides computer generated billing, personalised product configuration, secure document management and a secure payment system to its customers. Historically Apples information system was based on a legacy platform distributed across 16-legacy applications. In January 1999 however, Apple successfully implemented an Enterprise Resource Planning system called SAP Business One into its business model enabling them to integrate their manufacturing, finance, sales and distribution sectors together, present day Apple manages a fully integrated Enterprise Resource Planning system. Security and Privacy Apple Inc has a legal obligation to protect it customers and users privacy whilst ensuring transactions are kept secure. Apple provides an extensive privacy policy and also provides explicit terms of use for the site. In addition its online store uses industry-standard encryption to protect customers confidentiality when checking out as well as a 128-bit Extended Validation Secure Socket Layer (EV SSL) encryption technique to protect information in transit from the customer to the company following a purchase online. This can be seen in the web address during checkout as sites featuring SSL technology begin with ‘https://’ as apposed to ‘http://’. TRUSTe, one of the worlds leading online privacy companies, independently verifies Apple’s online privacy standards to ensure they meet an industry standard and protect their consumers. Customers are able to create accounts for ease of future transactions called Apple ID’s. An apple ID allows consumers to personalise their online shopping experience giving customers a unified account to be able to purchase products online including downloadable content, the ability to make reservations in store and or tailor online learning, access support and register Apple products for added security. All information held within your Apple ID is protected under Apples comprehensive privacy policy and the user information is protected through user personalised security protocols such as security questions and passwords. Apples privacy policy also extends to information stored in cookies upon visiting and revisiting the site through a web browser. Although Apple reserves the right to share information with third party affiliates any information shared as a result of its e-market business is also explicitly covered by its extensive online privacy policy and data protection technology during transit. Conclusion Apple employs consistent, coherent and unified branding across its website by mirroring the look of its hardware and software with the use of monochromatic colours and subtle shading. The website is modern, sleek, user friendly and has an emphasis on the visual experience providing rich content against a minimalistic background making great use of white space. The consistent use of varied databases, the AJAX live search system and a central navigation bar offers a user-friendly experience. The sites security is of an industry standard however it has still proven vulnerable to malicious attacks proving the website is not without its flaws. With that being said Apple’s website bears example to a successful integration of information systems across a business enabling the company to coordinate its e-commerce across its global operations and supply chain efficiently and effectively. Bibliography Apple Inc. (n. d. ). Apple Reports First Quarter Results. Retrieved March 22, 2011 from http://www. apple. com: http://www. apple. com/pr/library/2010/01/25results. html CGIsecurity. com. (2010, 08 18). Apple website hit with SQL Injection. Retrieved March 28, 2011 from cgisecurity. om: http://www. cgisecurity. com/2010/08/apple-website-hit-with-sql-injection. html Laudon, K. C. , Laudon, J. P. (2006). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (10th Edition ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited. United State Securities and Exchange Comission. (2010, September). Form 10-K, Apple Inc. Retrieved March 28, 2011 from https://www. apple. com/investor/: http://phx. corporate-ir. net/Exte rnal. File? item=UGFyZW50SUQ9Njc1MzN8Q2hpbGRJRD0tMXxUeXBlPTM=t=1 1 2

Political Socialization and The Environment essays

Political Socialization and The Environment essays Political Socialization and The Environment The political socialization of the population has become a large concern for society today. With out a change in the political socialization in a way favorable to the preservation of the world disaster can occur. Political Socialization is an efficient means in predicting and controlling the political ideals and values of future generations. As people grow more environmentally conscious, socialization could be a useful tool in ensuring the protection of the environment for future generations. Political socialization could also predict what will be faced by future generations as a result of the worlds destruction of the environment. Whether or not health problems resulting from pollution will affect socialization or the absence of forests and the natural world will effect socialization. Although, it is obvious to say that it will but socialization can explain how it will. If socialization is not geared towards environmental awareness and conservation then the world can only ex pect a greater deterioration of its surroundings as well as greater pollution, which will cause more health problems. Socialization is the most effective way to ensure how future generations will deal with and perceive the world; if that perception is to protect the environment then the possibility that natural resources will be protected is greatly enhanced. The socialization of those active in the environmental movement or those concerned with conservation as well as those with an environmental consciousness comes from many factors, the condition of their political leaders and state, the presence of an environmental danger or disaster, and the role of education in teaching the youth environmental preservation. It has been held for thousands of years by primitive tribes and cultures that human kind should live harmoniously with nature, living with nature is practiced still in the aboriginal tribes of ...

Art Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art Criticism - Essay Example The recent cleaning of this painting is what ignited the interest of those who made the Constable exhibition possible. (3) The White Horse is an oil painting of a landscape of a cottage and its grounds, with a white horse as its focal point. The horse is harnessed and standing in the corner of a fence which is a prison him. Wanting to be free, in its stillness, the horse illustrates a contrast against the movement shown by the rest of the painting. Pulling the viewer into the scene are the paintings rounded forms, especially, in its trees and foliage. The energy depicted in the painting makes it not only have a harmonious feel but excitement as well. "Toward the end of his life, in the 1830s, Constable's art became more emotionally charged. He increasingly regarded the sky as 'the chief organ of sentiment' in landscape painting, and very likely looked to his cloud studies more for their expressiveness, than for their empirical or scientific content."(4) Constable often used paper rather than canvas to paint upon because it dried faster and allowed him to more freely express his emotions. It is the energy of his paintings that pulls me into them, while drawing forth the excitement of my emotions. Van Gogh's painting, The Olive Orchard, a 28 by 36 oil painting, is much smaller in size than the size of Constable's paintings. However, the sky in The Olive Garden has the same energy as that depicted in the skies paintings by Constable. Constable, like Van Gogh, was a lover of pastoral settings, and there is something about the combination of their subjects; animals and nature, that presents the romantic sides of their natures. It is through the pastoral theme in their paintings that I'm drawn away from the excitement of them, to a calmer side of myself. Prior to being exhibited in the Royal Academy of Art, The White Horse was part of the estate of Peter A.B. Widener. Later, it became a part of the Widener Collection on loan to the academy. (5) Other works in the Constable exhibition include The Hay Wain (1820-1821), View on the Stour near Dedham (1822), The Leaping Horse (1825), and Hadleigh Castle (1829). There are six paintings by Van Gogh in the gallery's permanent collection. Among them is The Olive Orchard, which is a 28 by 36 oil painting. Its size is much smaller than that of Constable's paintings. Yet, in many ways, their paintings are alike. The subjects in The Olive Orchard, two young women on a ladder, picking olives from an olive tree, like the subjects in Constable's pastoral scenes are similar. They act as contrasts against the energy of the skies both painters depict in their works. The Olive Orchard painting was completed in 1889, and is now a part of the gallery's permanent collection. The gallery also has in its permanent collec

Supreme Court of the United States Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme Court of the United States - Assignment Example ?s case is consistent with ‘narrowly tailored’ use to achieve diversity and other factor to qualification are equally significant to the applicants’ selection process. Consequently, the use of race is not an isolated factor to selection and this undermines discrimination of applicants from minority races. The case of Grantz, however, fails to identify the ‘narrowly tailored’ application and instead offers advantage to applicants from minority races. This is because the university offers additional 20 percent points to applicants from minority races, a factor that makes race an isolated and significant factor to qualification. The ‘narrowly tailored’ concept therefore establishes constitutionality of the university’s provisions under the Grutter case but unconstitutionality under the Grantz case (Supreme Court of the United States 4; Supreme Court of the United States1 31). Lee Bolinger was sued in both cases because he is an agent to the artificial person and therefore acts on behalf of the institution. He is therefore not sued on his personal capacity but on capacities of the positions that he held at the times that interests on the case arose. In the Grutter case, for example, he is sued in the capacity of the Dean of the Law School and the capacity of the University’s president while in the case of Grants, he is sued in his capacity as the University’s president. Supreme Court of the United States. â€Å"Jennifer Grantz and Patrick Hamacher, petitioners v. Lee Bollinger et al., No. 02-516.† Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015. . Supreme Court of the United States1. â€Å"Barbara Grutter, petitioner v. Lee Bbollinger et al.† Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015.

Hobbes and Locke Social Contract Theory Essay Example for Free

Hobbes and Locke Social Contract Theory Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are two of the most influential political philosophers of the modern age. Their ideas on political philosophy, among other ideas, have helped shaped the Western World, as we know it. One of the most important theories that the two have both discussed, and written in detail on, is the idea of the social contract. Social Contract Theory is the view that moral and/or political duties depend on a contract that leads to the formation of a civil society. Thomas Hobbes was the first person to come up with the idea of a social contract in his text, Leviathan. As with any concept in history, other political philosophers have used Hobbes’ theory as a stepping-stone. One of those men is John Locke, who presents a very different account of how it is civil society is formed. Although both men have very different accounts on the social contract notion, there are some similarities between the two. Before putting pen to paper Hobbes had a front row seat to a quintessential moment in early English history—the English Civil War. The war was a dispute between King Charles I and his followers, the Monarchists and the Parliamentarians. The Monarchists preferred the traditional authority of the king, while the Parliamentarians demanded more power for Parliament, England’s quasi-democratic institution. Hobbes is somewhere in between the two groups with his own set of views. Hobbes believed that political authority is based on the self-interest of the members of the society, all of who are considered equal. He argued that no single individual had the power to rule over the rest. He also backed the conservative point of view that the sovereign must have absolute authority in order for society to last without disruption. It is in the rejection of the Monarchist point of view, that Hobbes and Locke find their first similarity. Both authors sought out to refute the positions presented by Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha, regarding the issue of the Divine Right of Kings. Filmer believed that God gave absolute authority to the king. Since God gives the power to the king, political society focused on obeying God unconditionally. Although Hobbes did agree that it was necessary for a king to have absolute authority in order to keep the people in line, he believed that authority came from the people living in the community and not God. Locke’s most influential political writings come from his Two Treatises On Government. His First Treatise is focused almost entirely on rejecting Filmer’s theory. Locke is in line with Hobbes in his belief that political authority comes from the consent of the governed. Along with this similarity, both men also agree on the idea that those people in a State of Nature will willingly consent to coming together to form a political society. They also agree on the belief that people would live in fear of each other regardless of their ability to use reason. Human nature allows men to be selfish. All people have the natural right to defend their own life, liberty, health and property. This fear is what leads many people to come together and form a state so that there would be a central authority to protect their life, liberty, health and property of all people within society. Along with creating the outline for the social contract theory, Hobbes was also a major contribution to the idea of the State of Nature, a hypothetical situation used to show how people lived before the establishment of society. In the State of Nature, life was â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,† characterized by self-interest and the absence of rights and laws (Hobbes 89). Hobbes believed that man was fundamentally evil and required a central authority to keep them out of the conditions of the state of nature. Locke, on the other hand, saw individuals as exercising moral limits over their actions. In order to answer the question of why the people should be willing to submit to political authority, Hobbes uses the idea of a State of Nature. This is a completely hypothetical situation through which he imagines what life was like for men before the establishment of civil society. In the State of Nature, men are naturally and entirely self interested, resources are limited and there is no power that forces the people to follow the rules of society. Men are also considered equal to one another in that even the strongest man can be killed in his sleep. There is no ability for men to ensure the satisfaction of their needs and desires as humans, and no prolonged systems of cooperation among men. The state of nature is a state of constant fear and distrust, or as Hobbes puts it â€Å"a state of perpetual and unavoidable war† (Hobbes 90). Based on the previous definition of the State of Nature, it would seem that mankind is doomed for eternity. However, hope is not lost. Using the power of reason, they are able to understand the laws of nature, which lead man out of the state of nature and into civil society. A Law of Nature, (Lex Naturalis), is a Precept, or generall rule, found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do, that, which is destructive of his life, or taketh away the means of preserving the same; and to omit that, by which he thinketh it may be best preserved. (Hobbes 91) The first rule of nature is to seek peace when others are also willing to follow in the quest for peace, â€Å"That every man, ought to endeavour Peace, as farre as he has hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it, that he may seek, and use, all helps, and advantages of Warre† (Hobbes 92). In the pages leading up to the natural laws, Hobbes describes what it is that drives us to seek peace. â€Å"The Passions that encline men to Peace, are Feare of Death; Desire of such things as are necessary to commodious living; and a Hope by their Industry to obtain them† (Hobbes 90). These are the things that lead people out of the state of nature and into forming a political society. People want protection of their bodies, property, and commodious living. It is through reason that men are led to the construction of a Social Contract, allowing for a life better then in the State of Nature. The social contract is formed through the establishment of two other contracts. The first contract is that they must agree to establish society by renouncing the rights that they had in the State of Nature. The second is that they must choose a single person, or an assembly of people, that will have the authority to enforce the various parts of the contract. The sovereign has the power to punish those who violate the social contract, which leads people to adjust themselves to the rules of their society. In order to understand the purpose of the Social Contract, Hobbes sets forth a definition of a commonwealth, or civil society: And in him consisteth the Essence of the Commonwealth; which (to define it,) is One Person, of whose Acts a great Multitude, by mutuall Covenants one with another, have made themselves every one the Author, to the end he may use the strength and means of them all, as he shall think expedient, for their Peace and Common Defence. (Locke 121) Without a common power to exercise force, society would be the same as it was while in the State of Nature. The Social Contract is considered to be the fundamental source within society for all that is good, along with being the force that allows us to live well. On the opposite side of the spectrum is another major figure in political philosophy, Locke. Locke’s views are very different from that of Hobbes, besides the fact that Locke uses the State of Nature concept created by Hobbes. For Locke, the State of Nature is a state of complete and perfect liberty to live the best life possible, while being free from interference from others. We must consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is a state of perfect freedom to order their actions and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave or depending upon the will of any other man. (Locke 5) In this state of equality no person has any power over any one else—everyone is subjectively equal. â€Å"The state of nature has a law of nature to govern it, which obliges every one; and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it that, being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions† (Locke 5). The state of nature is not a state of license, or a state of authority, in that individuals have the ability to do whatever they want. Although this society is pre-government, morals guide the laws of nature. God gives the natural laws to commands and us that we do not harm others, since we are all equal in the eyes of God. For Locke, the State of Nature is more like a state of liberty that allows the people to pursue their own interests free from interference. It is considered a peaceful state because of the natural laws and its restrictions on the people. Hobbes saw the State of Nature as being a state of constant war, a drastic change compared to the views presented by Locke. Although Locke’s state is predominantly peaceful, there is potential for a State of War. According to Locke, the State of War starts between two or more people when one person declares war on the other. This is usually done by stealing something from the other, or trying to make another man a slave. Since there is no central power to mediate the dispute and the laws of nature allow for self-defense, people are allowed to kill anyone that brings force against them. Without a force to mediate, the duration of wars is much longer and more brutal. Political societies form when men come together in the State of Nature, and agree to give up their power to punish those who disobey the laws of nature and give that power to a central authority. It is through this that the people consent to the will of the majority. Through leaving the state of nature and forming a society, the people create a â€Å"one body politic under one government† and are thus subjected to the will of that particular â€Å"body† (Locke 55). The only way for one to become part of society is through our own individual consent, meaning we cannot be forced to join the society. By joining a society, people gain a few things that they lacked in the State of Nature. These aspects consist of laws, a judge to settle disputes regarding laws and most importantly an executive power to enforce the law. The executive power is created for the protection of the people, their property and general well being. It is when this protection is non-existent, or the King becomes a tyrant by acting against the interest of the people, that the contract can be thrown away. It is with this that the process of establishing a social contract can begin once again, and also the power. Both Hobbes and Locke agree on the fact that people living in a state of nature will come together to form a contract amongst themselves, which ultimately leads to the establishment of society. Both Hobbes and Locke also agreed that people living in a state of nature would be living in a constant state of fear of one another before society is established. Hobbes has a much darker view of Human Nature, seeing them as inherently evil, while Locke viewed man as being guided by â€Å"rational self-interest† with the ability to self-govern without the Leviathan watching over you. These two figures have helped shape our modern systems of government among many other things.

This Cruel World :: essays research papers

This Cruel World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It all began when I was brought into this world. At that age I probably didn’t know much but as a kid I knew every thing was great. Getting pushed around in a stroller all day, to being fed, to being put to bed at nighttime with dozens of stuffed animals around you, what else do you want? Life as a kid was great, I didn’t have any problems to worry about, everything was done for me. Unfortunately that just last so long and all I came to realize is that growing up in this big world is not getting easier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Society†¦ Society is at its peak waiting for you to come out and play. Look at what kind of world we live in today. One of the biggest countries in the world is at war with other countries overseas. What kind of image does that let out to the public? The United States is fighting its deepest war against the best of these fascists murdering butchers that want power and more power. We live in one of the best liberal countries where we don’t have to worry about anything like education and health care, but now we have to worry about these people terrorizing the whole world. Terrorism and killing people for no absolute reason is just repulsive and I, probably adding millions of others, cannot see myself endure this any longer. My view on terrorism has been amplifies by one million after September 11th. Seeing all these people that got killed and all the families that got destroyed just brings me to the conclusion that these people have no respect, no humani ty, no heart, no nothing. These people are worth crap to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This crude world makes my worldviews change from time to time. Here are some of my views that I have always had and that never changed: First off, looking upon honesty. I say honesty because being lie to is plain not fun. I don’t even consider people who aren’t honest with me. If a person cannot be truthful that person has not respect. Put it this way, I don’t respect people that don’t respect me. Another important thing that I believe in is chivalry. All men should always be gallant and should always treat that woman with respect. The woman is important because of he ability to bring children to life.

Reliance Life Insurance Project Essay

Many people take to trading in the mistaken belief that it is the simplest way of making money. Far from it, I believe it is the easiest way of losing money. There is an old Wall Street adage, that â€Å"the easiest way of making a small fortune in the markets is having a large fortune†. This game is by no means for the faint hearted. And, this battle is not won or lost during trading hours but before the markets open but through a disciplined approach to trading. 1. A successful trader has a trading plan and does his homework diligently Winning traders diligently maintain charts and keep aside some hours for market analysis. Every evening a winning trader updates his notebook and writes his strategy for the next day. Winning traders have a sense of the market’s main trend. They identify the strongest sectors of the market and then the strongest stocks in those sectors. They know the level they are going to enter at and approximate targets for the anticipated move. For example, I am willing to hold till the market is acting right. Once the market is unable to hold certain levels and breaks crucial supports, I book profits. Again, this depends on the type of market I am dealing with. In a strong up trend, I want the market to throw me out of a profitable trade. In a mild up trend, I am a little more cautious and try to book profits at the first sign of weakness. In a choppy market, not only do I trade the lightest, I book profits while the market is still moving in my direction. Good technical traders do not worry or debate about the news flow; they go by what the market is doing. 2. A successful trader avoids overtrading Overtrading is the single biggest malaise of most traders. A disciplined trader is always ready to trade light when the market turns choppy and even not trade if there are no trades on the horizon. For example, I trade full steam only when I see a trending market and reduce my trading stakes when I am not confident of the expected move. I reduce my trade even more if the market is stuck in a choppy mode with very small swings. A disciplined trader knows when to build positions and step on the gas and when to trade light and he can only make this assessment after he is clear about his analysis of the market and has a trading plan at the beginning of every trading day. 3. A successful trader does not get unnerved by losses A winning trader is always cautious; he knows each trade is just another trade, so he always uses money management techniques. He never over leverages and always has set-ups and rules which he follows religiously. He takes losses in his stride and tries to understand why the market moved against him. Often you get important trading lessons from your losses. 4. A successful trader tries to capture the large market moves Novice traders often book profits too quickly because they want to enjoy the winning feeling. Sometimes even on the media one hears things like, â€Å"You never lose your shirt booking profits.† I believe novice traders actually lose their account equity quickly because they do not book their losses quickly enough. Knowledgeable traders on the other hand, will also lose their trading equity — though slowly — if they are satisfied in booking small profits all the time. By doing that the only person who can grow rich is your broker. And this does happen because, inevitably, you will have periods of drawdowns when you are not in sync with the market. You can never cover a 15-20 per cent drawdown if you keep booking small profits. The best you will do is be at breakeven at the end of the day, which is not the goal of successful trading. A trading account that is not growing is not sustainable. Thus when you believe you have entered into a large move, you need to ride it out till the market stops acting right. Traders with a lot of knowledge of technical analysis, but little experience, often get into the quagmire of following very small targets, believing the market to be overbought at every small rise — and uniformly so in all markets. Such traders are unable to make money because they are too smart for their own good. They forget to see the phase of the market. Not only do these traders book profits early, sometimes they even take short positions believing that a correction is â€Å"due†. Markets do not generally correct when corrections are â€Å"due†. The best policy is to use a trailing stop loss and let the market run when it wants to run. The disciplined trader understands this and keeps stop losses wide enough so that he is balanced between staying in the move as well as protecting his equity. Capturing a few large moves every year is what really makes worthwhile trading profits. 5. A successful trader always keeps learning You cannot learn trading in a day or even a few weeks, sometimes not even in months. Successful traders keep reading all the new research on technical analysis they can get their hands on. They also read a number of books every month about techniques, about trading psychology and about other successful traders and how they manage their accounts. I often like to think about traders as jehadis; unless there is a fire in the belly, unless there is a strong will and commitment to win, it is impossible to win consistently in the market. 6. A successful trader always tries to make some money with less risky strategies as well Futures trading, for example, is a very risky business. The best of chartists and the best of traders sometimes fail. Sure, it gives the highest returns but these may not be consistent — and the drawdowns can be large. Traders should always remember that no matter how good your analysis is, sometimes the market is not willing to oblige. In these times the 4-5 per cent that can be earned in covered calls or futures and cash arbitrage comes in very handy. It improves the long term sustainability of a trader and keeps your profit register ringing. Traders must learn to live with lower risk and lower return at certain times in the market, in order to protect and enlarge their capital. Disciplined traders have reasonable risk and return expectations and are open to using less risky and less exciting strategies of making money, which helps them tide over rough periods in the markets. 7. A successful trader treats trading as a business and keeps a positive attitude Trading can be an expensive adventure sport. It should be treated as a business and should be very profit oriented. Successful traders review their performance at regular intervals and try to identify causes of both superior and inferior performance. The focus should be on consistent profits rather than erratic large profits and losses. Also, trading performance should not be made a judgement on an individual; rather, it should be considered a consequence of right or wrong actions. Disciplined traders are able to identify when they are out of sync with the market and need to reduce position size, or keep away altogether. Successful trading is like dancing in rhythm with the market. Unsuccessful traders often cut down on all other expenses but refuse to see what might be wrong with their trading methods. Denial is a costly attitude in trading. If you see that a particular trade is not working the way you had expected, reduce or eliminate your positions and see what is going on. Most disciplined and successful traders are very humble. Humility is a virtue that traders should learn on their own, else the market makes sure that they do. Ego and an â€Å"I can do no wrong† attitude in good times can lead to severe drawdowns in the long term. Also, bad days in trading should be accepted as cheerfully as the good ones. So disciplined traders maintain composure whether they have made a profit or not on a particular day and avoid mood swings. A good way to do this is to also participate in activities other than trading and let the mind rest so that it is fresh for the next trading day. 8. A successful trader never blames the market Disciplined traders do not blame the market, the government, the companies or anyone else, conveniently excluding themselves, for their losses. The market gives ample opportunities to traders to make money. It is only the trader’s fault if he fails to recognise them. Also, the market has various phases. It is overbought sometimes and oversold at other times. It is trending some of the time and choppy at others. It is for a trader to take maximum advantage of favourable market conditions and keep away from unfavourable ones. With the help of derivatives, it is now possible to make some money in all kinds of markets. So the trader needs to look for opportunities all the time. To my mind, the important keys to making long term money in trading are: * Keeping losses small. Remember all losses start small * Ride as many big moves as possible * Avoid overtrading. * Never try to impose your will on the market It is impossible to practice all of the above perfectly. However, if you can practice all of the above with some degree of success, improvement in trading performance can be dramatic. 9. A disciplined trader keeps a cushion If new traders are lucky to come into a market during a roaring bull phase, they sometimes think that the market is the best place to put all one’s money. But successful and seasoned traders know that if the market starts acting differently in the future, which it surely will, profits will stop pouring in and there might even be periods of losses. So do not commit more than a certain amount to the market at any given point of time. Take profits from your broker whenever you have them in your trading account and stow them away in a separate account. I say this because the market is like a deep and big well. No matter how much money you put in it, it can all vanish. So by having an account where you accumulate profits during good times, it helps you when markets turn unfavourable. This also makes drawdowns less stressful as you have the cushion of previously earned profits. Trading is about walking a tightrope most times. Make sure you have enough cushion if you fall. 10. A successful trader knows there is no Holy Grail in the market There is no magical key to the Indian or any other stock market. If there were, investment banks that spend billions of dollars on research would snap it up. Investing software and trading books by themselves can’t make you enormously wealthy. They can only give you tools and skills that you can learn to apply. And, finally, there is no free lunch; every trading penny has to be earned. I would recommend that each trader identify his own style, his own patterns, his own horizon and the set-ups that he is most comfortable with and practice them to perfection. You need only to be able to trade very few patterns to make consistent profits in the market. No gizmos can make a difference to your trading. There are no signals that are always 100 per cent correct, so stop looking for them. Focus, instead, on percentage trades, trying to catch large moves and keeping your methodology simple. What needs constant improving are discipline and your trading psychology. At end of the day, money is not made by how complicated-looking your analysis is but whether it gets you in the right trade at the right time. Over-analysis can, in fact, lead to paralysis and that is death for a trader. If you can’t pull the trigger at the right time, then all your analysis and knowledge is a waste.

Essay on Holocaust

Holocaust: What Can Be Worse? The Holocaust is a dark page in the history of Europeans. It was genocide of more than six million European Jews during World War II performed by the Nazi Germany. These six million people who were exterminated made two-thirds of the Jews population who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust. Frankly speaking, for me the question of how the Holocaust happened and why still remains incomprehensible. I’m definitely sure that it is one of the most horrifying and shocking deeds of the humankind. Its victims were tortured in devious ways that eventually led to death. Among those methods there were: internal irrigation, sun lamp, hot bath, freezing, etc. And I think that the generation that lives today should preserve the memory of those events and promote the idea that the Holocaust must never happen again. To my mind, this problem should be discussed when children are at school, because people start to form their understanding of the world when they are young and in the adulthood it is rather difficult to change their point of view. There are special museums that dedicate their existence only to education about the Holocaust; there are many books and articles dedicated to those events, as well as special forums and sites. Thus, there are many opportunities to educate children and explain then that despite the fact that we are all different, we are people who have the same rights, who breathe the same air and who have certain dreams and goals to achieve. To sum up, I’d like to say that we need to be proud that we are all different, as everyone with his or her unique character and abilities is needed. And differences should be the reason to live, but not to die.