Writing the Academic Essay - 1531 Words

Writing the Academic Essay For many high school students, the academic essay is an unforgiving monster that terrorizes their campus, a nightmarish beast that can rip the heart out of G.P.A.s and dash all hopes for college admission. Yet, others tame this friend with ease, bending its cruel will to theirs as if it was nothing, as if they possessed a secret weapon. Well, guess what? They do! Successful essayists succeed because they are armed with the exact knowledge of what an essay is and how it is made; they know an essay is an organized group of paragraphs that strongly assert and vividly support a central idea. Further, they know the organization of an academic essay is as easy as one, two, three: the introduction, the body,†¦show more content†¦After the central idea, the essays introduction becomes even more specific and concludes by detailing the sub-topics that will be covered in the paragraphs that follow. This overall organization of related sub-topics is called a thesis statement, and when a writer writes without one he is like a carpenter without a blueprint, or a sailor without a chart. For example, in the last sentence of my introduction to this essay, I said that essays are organized into three parts--introductions, bodies, and conclusions--and that was my thesis statement. Such a clear organizational plan not only helps the writer keep his writing on target, it helps the reader read and remember the essays information. And speaking of information, it is in the essays body that the writer does most of his writing, following his thesis statement and becoming very specific by detailing and developing each sub-topic completely. Naturally then, the body is the longest part of the essay. How long? Well, the minimum length for an academic essay is five paragraphs: one paragraph each for the introduction and conclusion, and a minimum of three paragraphs for the body or middle of the essay. Obviously, in high school term papers and college assignments the body of an essay will expand to include more paragraphs. For example, I wrote an essay one summer that wasShow MoreRelatedWriting an Academic Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic writing is different from other forms of writing; it is distinctive, clear and concise. This essay will describe the factors that contribute to the credibility of an academic piece of writing, and incorporating them effectively into your own writing. In this essay I will further discuss the following three features to enrich credible academic writing; planning and drafting, critical writing and referencing and plagiarism. With an abundant quantity of literature available, it is importantRead MoreThe Six Steps of Writing an Academic Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are six steps to writing an academic essay. If you follow each of these steps correctly, you will find that you can write university essays that will earn you a distinction (or high distinction) every time. It is simply a matter of understanding what steps to follow, and then completing each of them thoroughly. This article provides an outline and brief description of each of these steps. It is an introduction to a series of articles that will examine each step in more depth. Reading justRead MoreEssay on An Individuals Reflection on Academic Writing 951 Words   |  4 PagesAnother Step of a Long Process: Studying English Academic writing is an art of expressing and transforming thoughts and ideas into physical form to deliver information logically and scientifically. This skill needs to be refined and practiced constantly regularly. After three months of taking ESL 273, I have accumulated various experiences in writing advanced sentences and organizing academic essays which are really necessary for me to perform well in the next English course, ESL 5, as wellRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing An Outstanding Academic Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesnumbers of essays and during that time he will have to overcome a lot of hurdles to accomplish writing an excellent essay. Majority of students hate writing essays because it requires serious intellectual thought and pulling together of ideas. A lot of students will be irritated and have absolutely no interest in creating an essay due to them having no idea on how to start. I m sure things would be easier for students if he had a guideline or pathway built for them on how to create an essay. With someRead MoreEssay on Academic vs Mainstream Writing877 Words   |  4 Pagesten conventions or moves that exist only in academic prose and when violated, author is seen as an outsider of the discourse community. John Swales (â€Å"Create a Research Space† (CARS) Model Research Introductions) and Ken Hyland also talk about writing and the similarities between all academic writing in â€Å"Create a Research Space† (CARS) Model Research Instructions and â€Å"Disciplinary Courses†. Based on research by Swales, Hyland, and Johns on academic writing, and research by Jeanne Fahnestock, CharlesRead MoreEssay about English Academic Writing 750 Words   |  3 Pages It is known that every nation has its own language, customs, cultures and traditions. This may effect the way of thinking or an academic style of reading, writing and another types of an academic style. This essay will evaluate linn,2009 claim that interna tional student must learn a new way of thinking and writing when they come to study in the UK-type academic environment and outline the controversial point that should be considered. Firstly, according to( linn,2009,p.3) English writersRead MoreCritical And Sophisticated Type Of Academic Writing And Can Easily Be Constructed By Breaking Down Its Basic Structure933 Words   |  4 Pages Essays are a comprehensive and sophisticated type of academic writing and can easily be constructed by breaking down its basic structure. A quality essay is one that presents and supports an argument on a particular topic by applying well-constructed research. Writing an academic essay can be a complicated task, but by paying attention to key elements such as structure, content and presentation, the essay will be easy to develop. However incorrect use of these basic steps can lead the paper to lackRead MoreHow Society s Image Of Women Have Changed Over The Past Years905 Words   |  4 Pages I must be an unbendable writing, I am still stuck on the usual middle school â€Å"hamburger multiple paragraph† essay structure. After reading three academic writing essays my ideas of academic writing has not changed. Even though all three types of essays were forms of academic writing, I came across my own theory. Everyone has their own unique way of writing that makes their essay standout to be academic writing. What someone else might think is academic writing another person might not thinkRead MoreComparison Of Thonney, Williams, And Mcenerney1750 Words   |  7 PagesMcEnerney Writing consists of self expression, an outlet of creativity to communicate ideas. An individualism thought, purpose, and goal we are able to carry out towards our intended audience. Writing allows us to credit those who have impacted our lives positively. Furthermore, Academic essay writing is an important and effective piece in one’s life in order to gain knowledge that will allow us to present our ideas clearly and logically. Furthering your education consist of constantly writing papersRead MoreFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use these

A Case Study Of Antwan Elliot - 1183 Words

Abstract This paper discloses a case study of Antwan Elliot. A short account of Antwan’s personal background is provided. The biographical information includes his life experiences from birth to present day. Also, specific narratives of Antwan’s life will be used as examples to ascertain or repudiate the developmental psychological theories of Erik Erikson, Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget. A Case Study of Antwan Elliot Biography Antwan is a 19 year-old African American male. He grew up on the outskirts of downtown Raleigh in a poor neighborhood. Antwan’s father constantly worked to support the family while his older sister took on a motherly role to care for him. His mother was a drug addict and was not allowed to see her children.†¦show more content†¦In accordance to the theory â€Å"completion† of each stage must occur to obtain the characteristics found in a healthy personalities (Santrock, 2014). Disturbances of these stages result in personality diffusion or crisis (Crawford, Cohen, Johnson, Sneed, Brook, 2004). Stage one â€Å"trust vs. mistrust† and stage four â€Å"industry vs inferiority† of Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage one of Erikson’s theory is described as â€Å"trust vs. mistrust.† This stage occurs from birth to year one of a child’s life (Erickson H., 1964). It is obvious that overcoming this developmental crisis is out of the hands of the child at this point in their lives. If there is stable and consistent care, the child will gain a feeling of trust that carries on in relationships later on in life. On the other hand, inconsistency and neglect will instill in the infant a sense of mistrust that carries on in future relationships (Erickson H., 1964). For Antwan there was never a real sense of stability. With his mother out of the picture and his father constantly working, his sister was often the only one to look after him. While his older sister did her best to care for Antwan this care was not always sufficient; often being left alone for hours at a time Antwan suffered from a form of neglect. This has caused several ailments in early childhood. According to

Design Analysis of Automotive Component

Question: You are required to design and develop a standard four door saloon front door Central Door Locking (CDL) latch. Here is your opportunity to apply some of the wide ranging knowledge and skills you have acquired during your degree to find and highlight the links between core knowledge like mechanics, tools like FEA, and the overall design development process. Essentially we want you to: Identify the current legislative requirements for a front door CDL latch. Identify the latch sub-system specifications. Perform 3G calculations (manual or otherwise) to determine the operating forces of the claw / pawl spring(s) for a standard CDL front door latch. Design and model the back-plate and the back-plate housing. Develop the design / packaging in more detail to include the pawl, claw, inside handle and outside handle levers. Apply DFM and DFA principles to your design, use appropriate sketches and discuss how you would manufacture the back-plate and housing. Evidence of engineering design with production intent and analysis is required here. Answer: Introduction: For designing the different locking components used in automobiles and their assembly with the vehicle door. For the automobile door we have the following structure. The door of the automobile is hinged very typically with the pockets of the (or the small slots) for the bolting of the door with that and also the techniques of tracking is used for the door assembly. The structure of the entering and the exiting door is somehow same in the structure. As we know that a vehicles is door in any vehicle plays a very specific role in the automobile. As the door is used to give access the driver and it is used to close in order to make it secure. These doors are opened or closed manually or by connecting the assembly with the electronically powered devices which gives command via using sensors to control the movement of the door. Generally these types of doors can be seen in the very high modified types or in the high end cars. A car door latch generally refers to the mechanical device used to align the door of the automobile in a closed position relative to the vehicle frame work. The major role of the latch is used to perform the lock /unlock and the latch and the unlatch function. For describing the components advanced components which are used in the door like Central Door Locking Latch, are assembled with the door of the automobiles. The inner side of the automobile door is known as car door panel. Here we are just dealing with the CDL mechanism and the basic locking system which are the precise components of the internal component of the door. By the help of the different types latches we can secure the entrance of unauthorized person in the automobiles . If we study for the mechanism then we came to know that latches are nothing but the electrically powered sensors. Door Locking Mechanism: As by the invention of such device it provides facility to the handle of the automobiles to give the motion of the handles of the door ,very smooth going. By the help different handle are fitted with such an ease that it will open or close in the single movement of the hand. For making the vehicle automatically prevented from the unauthorized user we use different latch (or the assembly of such latches is CDL latch).For the designing , manufacturing of the Central Door locking latches used in the locking system . It comprises of different types of the strikers and the latch engagement . Requirements of Components used for designing Central Door Locking latches Striker plates Back plates If we starts for the designing of the Central Door Locking Latches we have to start with the design of the striker plates used in the Locking mechanism. For the preparation of the striker assembly used in the latch engagements of the different types of the engagements which are mounted on the mounted plates. As there is the intersection of the engagement of different latches and the striker plates, a black plate is used. The main purpose of the back plates used here is to provide a huge amount of the structural strength to the base of the striker. And also it helps to save the striker from making the latch firm under the bad working condition or in the overload condition. Striker plates: Striker plates is a main component used in the Central Door Locking Latch , as this is the component having the symmetrical sides which are used to grip the door of the saloon used in the automobile. The main spring used in the locking device adjust the proportion of the latching system. By the help of the striker plates the configured assembly is mounted on the latch mechanism. If we see the exact mechanism of the locking device we can see that a parallel alignment breaker is used. For describing the components advanced components which are used in the door like Central Door Locking Latch, are assembled with the door of the automobiles. The inner side of the automobile door is known as car door panel. Here we are just dealing with the CDL mechanism and the basic locking system which are the precise components of the internal component of the door. By the help of the different types latches we can secure the entrance of unauthorized person in the automobiles. If we study for the mech anism then we came to know that latches are nothing but the electrically powered sensors. For manufacturing the striker plates assembly is used by making it with the mounting plates. For the design of the striker plate we have used different cap weld for holding the springs, back plates and the sensor used in the locking devices of the automobiles. The main part of the strikers assembly and process used for the manufacturing. For the manufacturing of the striker mechanism we used such assembly and the some components. Fig : different components of the striker plates The components used are: Firstly we have two pieces of the contoured type of steel plates used for metal support and Along with this latch system we have used some steel stamping plates, which are bent along the axis lines of the plates. With the use of different back plates back to back alignment to the intersecting it gives striker assembly. By the help of the different striker plates it used perimeter striker plates. The specification of the latch sub system: Latch sub system:- As by the discovery of the latch system in the automobiles it facilitates the movement of the automobile door in the translator motion of the door. In the saloon front of the compartment the door movement is restricted by the hinges provided on the edges of the compartment. For the assembly of the door in the saloon front quadrilateral type or the hexagonal types of the hinges system is used in the locking devices. By the help of such type of one can move the door in the outwardly and the forwardly direction. Thus the motion of the door is propagating in the compound motion towards the door. For describing the components advanced components which are used in the door like Central Door Locking Latch, are assembled with the door of the automobiles. The inner side of the automobile door is known as car door panel. Here we are just dealing with the CDL mechanism and the basic locking system which are the precise components of the internal component of the door. By the help of the differe nt types latches we can secure the entrance of unauthorized person in the automobiles. For describing the components advanced components which are used in the door like Central Door Locking Latch, are assembled with the door of the automobiles. The inner side of the automobile door is known as car door panel. Here we are just dealing with the CDL mechanism and the basic locking system which are the precise components of the internal component of the door. By the help of the different types latches we can secure the entrance of unauthorized person in the automobiles. If we study for the mechanism then we came to know that latches are nothing but the electrically powered sensors. If we study for the mechanism then we came to know that latches are nothing but the electrically powered sensors. Such motion of the latching system is used in the door in order to provide the motion very freely we use the pillars to support the door system. Now in the modern era, the modern type of latching system is used which gives the latch system automatic system and gives the transmission or the operation of the door movement from the button itself present in the dashboard. Generally the latching system used in the locking devices is totally based on the principle of the kinematic linkages system. The primary movement of the door can be adjusted by the door ditching system and release the movement of the door relative to the primary latching engaging pillar and also a detent based system is used to operate the sub-systems of the latching. For the movement of the door by the help of the secondary method used in the door stabilizing latching means comprising two shaft which are rotary bolts journeyed on opposite jamb facing which is used in the door for the latching engagement which are used on the strikers adjustably mounted on the adjacent pillars of the vehicle body. The different technical components used for making locking device: Actuator: These are the electro-mechanical device used for controlling a component of the latch used in the locking system. Analysis of the locks: For making the simulation of the product and the specified condition using different mathematical models algorithm used in the equation. Back door: A door and the different types of the door system used in the locking system of the automobiles can use for the loading and the unloading of the user. Block out: This is a type of the design parameter which is used to make the input device of the user which can be blocked by the preference of the user. Centre hinge: These are a door which support assembly mounted at the rear of the sliding door are neighbored of the middle door height. In hinge of the door it includes the rollers which can run through the centre and the pivot pin which allow the roller to follow the track at when the track turns the curves rapidly inboard as the door reaches the final closed position. Central door locking mechanism: Different types locking system used in the saloon front of the automobile door. For the purpose of such central locking system, a different rod locking devices is used. These types of the locking devices are used with the help kinematics mechanism. The features used for the designing of the kinematics rod locking devices, these are: These types of the locking devices are used to stop and hold the rod of the cylinder under load in the event of air pressure or power failure. For the movement of the rod it is an elastic mechanical devices acting on the brake pads. These types of the locking device are used pressure for the engagement and the disengagement. We just apply the pressure on the system just by pressing the button of the ram. In this type of the locking device it holds and stops the piston of its stroke . By the help of the rod type of the locking device it will allow the maximum allowable cylinder load without drifting in the cylinder. Generally in this type of the locking system it generally stops when in the absence of the air. These type of the locking are used in the bidirectional action. Generally these types of the pads are used in the cast iron types and are made on the concentric rod. Generally these are very simple types of the locking devices , and mounting position and also in the reduced motion. The forces involved in the operating of the locking device In general terms , a quality control of the locking devices is primarily based on the evaluation of the product that specification and the condition imposed at the start of the development phase. The manual construction of the locking device is based on the back plate. The required operation pressure involved in the locking devices Operating pressure: 9 bar max. Disengage pressure: 4 bar (min) , 9 bar (max) Ambient temperature : -5 degree centigrade Claw forces used : 123 N used while in the operation. Holding forces(static) : 40 mm : 1000N / 60 mm : 63 mm : 2300N / 80mm Locking capacity : in such types of the claw type of the disengagement used in the maximum load is Propogates in the bilateral direction. Max allowable Speed : : 553 mm/s The labelling diagram used for the manufacturing and the dimensioning of the locking device. The procedure and the mechanism used in the locking device are given below: The horizontal mounting of the locking device : Generally in the mechanism of the locking devices we used different types of the valves are used . the valves which are used in the 5/3 valve are made up of the with the centre to be open to the centre port . in general type of assembly used in the pressure is maintained on both sides of the cylinder piston and the forces acted on the cylinder are balanced in the piston. The piton used in the cylinder used to disengage the motion of the piston at the time of the accidental movement. For the motion of the locking device the primarily used sensors used in the system is 3/2 NC solenoid valve . The diameter used in the locking devices is primarily based on the study of the material used. Here in the locking device for the fast breaking of the device we generally used in the absence of the air for fast breaking. In the above circuit diagram we have a diagram to use control valves using the 5/3 control valve. By the help of the following control valve we can transmit command from the saloon front just by having a command from the button by the user. In the following type of the circuit diagram we usually perform the valve operation in order to maintain the motion of the locking device. 3D Calculation Used For The Calculation Of The Forces Of The Flaws : The latching system used here needs the calculation of hinge reaction The estimation of the reaction for the hinges can be used by the use of simple physics. For this purpose if we apply force in the same direction for the partially open door of the automobile, then we have to adjust over hand in the non right angle to the door and the torque so produced is very much dependent on the angle between the hand and the door. For calculating the door we have to use the 3D analysis of the door and the length of the lever used for the purpose of torque estimation . For calculating the forces on the flaws of the hinges ,we have the reaction balance analysis. The distance of the hinge from the point of force application is L= r sinà °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ³ =f. r sin (torque applied on the hinges of the door) When à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ³ goes out to zero then he torque so applied is also zero. By this reason in order to produce the maximum torque the à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ³= 45 degree Dfmea (Design Failur Mode And Effect Analysis) For the product to be in the DFMEA , we have to check every product on the guidelines of the basic structures of the DFMEA . Under these guidelines we have to check each component in the following steps Study of the defect concentrated area Study of the different defect involved in that area. Study to overcome that defect. Implementation of the new study. Final analysis to check the efficient running of the system Potential Failure Mode : This is the section of the DFMEA under which we start with different points in the designing and in the manufacturing of any product for which the possibility of the failure is very .after the complete analysis of the failure , then there is a brain storming of the team under which the whole process is going to held. This mode is used just to check for the deficiencies in the system. The procedure used for the potential failure mode are as follows: Checking for the product and the system where the failure had happened. Now comparison of the efficiency from the failure data to the bench marked data found from the organization. Application of different technical methods on the defected component. After the calculation of the values of the error ,step taken to remove that defect from the system. After performing this analysis we starts for the failure effect analysis. Failure Effect(FE) Analysis: These is the heading under which we will discuss on the outcomes and the effect produced due to failure in the system or in the component , by the pre found errors with the team members and make a suitable solution for that . And the elimination method which we going to used for eliminating the failures in the products . The steps taken under this are as follows: Firstly to check the point where the occurrence of the failure is very high. To review the each and every corresponding effect of the design. To mark the priorities to handle the deficiencies and the flaws in the design. To make each and every method by brain storming to eliminate the occurred error in the system. After proposing any method to remove error in the system, implementation of the method on the planned system. Synthetic cost analysis for the CDL Latch device used in the front of the saloon door. Under this head we have the basic evaluation of the different cost evolved in the process. These are: Firstly creating the block diagram showing the whole system analysis. Identify the different component and the cost evolved in the process. No of member and the strength of equipment used in the process. Boundary analysis of the cost by evaluating the total cost involved. At last profit incurred in the whole process. Design and modelling of the back plate and the back plate device. The back plate are the component used in the locking devices used to support the movement of the door and the step controllers used in the locking device. The locking device which are primarily used in the front door opening . in the front door opening of the saloon of the compartment used to deprive the motion of the door . in such type of the opening system the back plates are used which are having the same the clearance in the motion . the primarily door of the saloon supports inner hinges 24 and also the 3G cooperate with the intermediate outwards mounted control hinges . The quadrilateral swinging bar linkages are used in the back plate system. The back plate system which supports the motion in the linkage of the locking device. The main purpose of using the back plates system is that is gives the perfect base to the locking device in the back plates system. Design and packaging of the locking device : The main component of the devices used in the Central Door Locking. Base plate vs. catch /pawl rivet Catch Rivet Vs Catch Pawl Vs Pawl Rivet Top plate Vs Catch /Pawl Rivet The solid work analysis of the locking device shows different components of the CDL locking device , the main parts used in the locking used are the metal crossed plates and the high tension spring and the valve system used in the locking system. The lever used for the locking system is used for propagating the high mechanical advantage . The manual construction of tolerance check list only deals with worst case of the analysis . In the locking device used the motion is generally used to the length and diameter dimension. Side door latch protects the vehicles occupants from being ejected from the door which have the designation to motion while in the accidents . the main task of the pawls and the claws used to the locking system . The riveting which is done on the back plate of the latch system is much more strength with the weld used in the device . The intent of this work was to redesign the front saloon of the automobile. Apply DFM and DFA principles to your to design The application of the DFM (design for manufacturability) are the design analysis which are used in the designing of the components . Under this head the tolerance is stack up and the reading used by the manufacturer in order to manufacture the components is full of the tolerance and the allowances . The design analysis used to make the components . The assembly variation for inside release of the outside release the latch with the tolerances 1.5 mm compared to that of the outside release of the latch which was determined with the 1mm . The main analysis of the DFM on the Central Door Locking comprises the following terms: In the analysis of the components by the help of DFM , the main analysis and the study of the components is used to check for the clearance and the tolerances. DFA (design for the Analysis) : The design for analysis is used in the analysis is used generally done in the analysis of the design . In the design analysis , the tolerance is used for the analysis of component which is done upto the extent of the design . in the designing analysis of the component the maintaining government standards is used to maintain the original equipment manufacturer . The design for analysis amd the assembly guidelines were directly and the indirectly applied to redesign of the component . The following objectives were establishment for the redesign of the component. Fastening process were eliminated. Stopper feature on the top plate was eliminated. Double sign riveting process was designed . Functional improvement was improved by the analysis of the component The manufacturing procedure of the back plate and the back plate housing are Back plate: while manufacturing of the back plates used in the locking devices has a wide variety manufacturing system. Back plates are generally have a contour on the edges so for the manufacturing of the plate firstly we used the have a sniping process then after this the metal is cut with the prescribed limits then with the help of the bending mold it is bend to prescribed limits. And in the back plates in order to reduce the stress concentration factor of the sharp edges we reduce it to by greater extent back with the grinder plates. Then process here is done to make the plate free from the sharp edges. While the manufacturing of the these type of the plates, the clearance used by the manufacturer is prescribed by the manufacturer . Under this head we gone through the overall production of the component from the base scrape to the finished good. Conclusion: In the study in the analysis of the CDL latch (Central Door Locking) by this it gives equivalent alteration of the motion of the doors and the smooth motion of the door . By the use of the different latching system used in the door front of the saloon front , it makes the door system free from jamming while through the accidents . This invention CDL latch is not limited to the generally orthogonal arrangement of the intersecting plates of the striker assembly. We can also use other type of the latch striker which can make the effect of the locking system smooth and abrupt to use . The use of the spring and the catridge sytem gives the latching a technique to align the door and make the procedure free from flaws and the jamming problem. References: - BERK, J. Systems failure analysis In-text: (Berk, 2009) Bibliography: Berk, J. (2009). Systems failure analysis. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. BOONPAN, A. AND BUREERAT, S. Multi-stage design of an automotive component In-text: (Boonpan and Bureerat, 2012) Bibliography: Boonpan, A. and Bureerat, S. (2012). Multi-stage design of an automotive component. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 60(1/2), p.84. BOUKHAROUBA, T., ELBOUJDAINI, M. AND PLUVINAGE, G. Damage and fracture mechanics In-text: (Boukharouba, Elboujdaini and Pluvinage, 2009) Bibliography: Boukharouba, T., Elboujdaini, M. and Pluvinage, G. (2009). Damage and fracture mechanics. [Dordrecht]: Springer. BAJPAI, R. P., CHANDRASEKHAR, U. AND ARANKALLE, A. R. Innovative design, analysis and development practices in aerospace and automotive engineering In-text: (Bajpai, Chandrasekhar and Arankalle, n.d.) Bibliography: Bajpai, R., Chandrasekhar, U. and Arankalle, A. (n.d.). Innovative design, analysis and development practices in aerospace and automotive engineering. BUCIUMEANU, M., MIRANDA, A., PINHO, A. AND SILVA, F. Design improvement of an automotive-formed suspension component subjected to fretting fatigue In-text: (Buciumeanu et al., 2007) Bibliography: Buciumeanu, M., Miranda, A., Pinho, A. and Silva, F. (2007). Design improvement of an automotive-formed suspension component subjected to fretting fatigue. Engineering Failure Analysis, 14(5), pp.810-821. CAO, M., WANG, K. W., FUJII, Y. AND TOBLER, W. E. Development of a Friction Component Model for Automotive Powertrain System Analysis and Shift Controller Design based on Parallel-Modulated Neural Networks In-text: (Cao et al., 2005) Bibliography: Cao, M., Wang, K., Fujii, Y. and Tobler, W. (2005). Development of a Friction Component Model for Automotive Powertrain System Analysis and Shift Controller Design based on Parallel-Modulated Neural Networks. J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control, 127(3), p.382. CAPUTO, M. AND ZIRPOLI, F. Supplier involvement in automotive component design: outsourcing strategies and supply chain management In-text: (Caputo and Zirpoli, 2002) Bibliography: Caputo, M. and Zirpoli, F. (2002). Supplier involvement in automotive component design: outsourcing strategies and supply chain management. International Journal of Technology Management, 23(1/2/3), p.129. GOYAL, A. K. AND WATKINS, E. I. Applied photoelasticity for engine component design analysis In-text: (Goyal and Watkins, 1975) Bibliography: Goyal, A. and Watkins, E. (1975). Applied photoelasticity for engine component design analysis. Warrendale, Pa.: Society of Automotive Engineers. HEYES, A. Automotive component failures In-text: (Heyes, 1998) Bibliography: Heyes, A. (1998). Automotive component failures. Engineering Failure Analysis, 5(2), pp.129-141. IMIHEZRI, S., SAPUAN, S., SULAIMAN, S., HAMDAN, M., ZAINUDDIN, E., OSMAN, M. AND RAHMAN, M. Mould flow and component design analysis of polymeric based composite automotive clutch pedals In-text: (Imihezri et al., 2006) Bibliography: Imihezri, S., Sapuan, S., Sulaiman, S., Hamdan, M., Zainuddin, E., Osman, M. and Rahman, M. (2006). Mould flow and component design analysis of polymeric based composite automotive clutch pedals. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 171(3), pp.358-365. JAMNIA, A. Practical guide to the packaging of electronics In-text: (Jamnia, 2009) Bibliography: Jamnia, A. (2009). Practical guide to the packaging of electronics. Boca Raton: CRC Press. JEYA GIRUBHA, R. AND VINODH, S. Application of fuzzy VIKOR and environmental impact analysis for material selection of an automotive component In-text: (Jeya Girubha and Vinodh, 2012) Bibliography: Jeya Girubha, R. and Vinodh, S. (2012). Application of fuzzy VIKOR and environmental impact analysis for material selection of an automotive component. Materials Design, 37, pp.478-486. JUVINALL, R. C. Fundamentals of machine component design In-text: (Juvinall, 1983) Bibliography: Juvinall, R. (1983). Fundamentals of machine component design. New York: Wiley. KHAN, Z. AND NICHOLSON, J. D. Technological catch-up by component suppliers in the Pakistani automotive industry: A four-dimensional analysis In-text: (Khan and Nicholson, 2015) Bibliography: Khan, Z. and Nicholson, J. (2015). Technological catch-up by component suppliers in the Pakistani automotive industry: A four-dimensional analysis. Industrial Marketing Management. KOVÄŒ, M. AND BABJAK, . Integration of Product Innovation Techniques in Automotive Component Design In-text: (KovÄ  and Babjak, 2010) Bibliography: KovÄ , M. and Babjak, . (2010). Integration of Product Innovation Techniques in Automotive Component Design. Acta Mechanica Slovaca, 14(1). LEECH, C. M. The modelling and analysis of the mechanics of ropes In-text: (Leech, n.d.) Bibliography: Leech, C. (n.d.). The modelling and analysis of the mechanics of ropes. MARQUIS, G. AND SOLIN, J. Fatigue design of components In-text: (Marquis and Solin, 1997) Bibliography: Marquis, G. and Solin, J. (1997). Fatigue design of components. Amsterdam: Elsevier. MORELLO, L. The automotive body In-text: (Morello, 2011) Bibliography: Morello, L. (2011). The automotive body. Dordrecht: Springer. PALUMBO, G. Hydroforming a small scale aluminum automotive component using a layered die In-text: (Palumbo, 2013) Bibliography: Palumbo, G. (2013). Hydroforming a small scale aluminum automotive component using a layered die. Materials Design, 44, pp.365-373. SCHIAVONE, F., PIERINI, M. AND ECKERT, V. Strategy-based approach to eco-design: application to an automotive component In-text: (Schiavone, Pierini and Eckert, 2008) Bibliography: Schiavone, F., Pierini, M. and Eckert, V. (2008). Strategy-based approach to eco-design: application to an automotive component. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 46(2), p.156. SCHIRNER, G. Embedded systems In-text: (Schirner, 2013) Bibliography: Schirner, G. (2013). Embedded systems. Berlin: Springer. SDERBERG, R. AND LINDKVIST, L. Stability and seam variation analysis for automotive body design In-text: (Sderberg and Lindkvist, 2002) Bibliography: Sderberg, R. and Lindkvist, L. (2002). Stability and seam variation analysis for automotive body design. Journal of Engineering Design, 13(2), pp.173-187. STETSON, K. A. K100 electronic holography system and HG7000 interferometric computer: instruments for automotive component analysis In-text: (Stetson, 2003) Bibliography: Stetson, K. (2003). K100 electronic holography system and HG7000 interferometric computer: instruments for automotive component analysis. Optical Engineering, 42(5), p.1348. SWIFT, K. G. AND BOOKER, J. D. Process selection In-text: (Swift and Booker, 2003) Bibliography: Swift, K. and Booker, J. (2003). Process selection. Oxford [England]: Butterworth-Heinemann. THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR MULTI-COMPONENT EARTQUAKE SPECTRA In-text: (Three-dimensional dynamic analysis for multi-component eartquake spectra, 1982) Bibliography: Three-dimensional dynamic analysis for multi-component eartquake spectra. (1982). Computer-Aided Design, 14(6), p.356. VINODH, S. AND JAYAKRISHNA, K. Environmental impact minimisation in an automotive component using alternative materials and manufacturing processes In-text: (Vinodh and Jayakrishna, 2011) Bibliography: Vinodh, S. and Jayakrishna, K. (2011). Environmental impact minimisation in an automotive component using alternative materials and manufacturing processes. Materials Design, 32(10), pp.5082-5090. VINODH, S. AND JAYAKRISHNA, K. Development of integrated ECQFD, LCA and sustainable analysis model In-text: (Vinodh and Jayakrishna, 2014) Bibliography: Vinodh, S. and Jayakrishna, K. (2014). Development of integrated ECQFD, LCA and sustainable analysis model. J of Eng, Design and Tech, 12(1), pp.102-127. WANG, L. Dynamic thermal analysis of machines in running state In-text: (Wang, n.d.) Bibliography: Wang, L. (n.d.). Dynamic thermal analysis of machines in running state. WANG, L. Dynamic thermal analysis of machines in running state In-text: (Wang, n.d.) Bibliography: Wang, L. (n.d.). Dynamic thermal analysis of machines in running state. ENGINEERING ANALYSIS SYSTEM In-text: (Engineering analysis system, 1979) Bibliography: Engineering analysis system. (1979). Computer-Aided Design, 11(2), p.109.

Production Possibility Curve free essay sample

Each point on the production possibilities curves represents some maximum satisfaction or outcome of two products. The graph shows that the customers must either choose which product suits their desires. More cars means less food and vice versa. This will therefore indicate that the total supplies of resources are limited, thus the total amounts of cars and food that our economy is capable of producing are limited. Limited resources mean a limited satisfaction. A choice must be made to as what quantities of each product do the customers want to be produced. This shows us that the customers cannot have maximum satisfaction of both cars and food to satisfy their wants and this is shown on the Graph Opportunity Cost When resources are scarce, the decision to produce a particular good or service involves an opportunity cost, the sacrifice of a good or service that might have been produced instead. Opportunity cost describes the fact that when we employ resources in a particular way, we are not making a decision to produce these goods or services but we are also deciding not to produce some other goods or services. We will write a custom essay sample on Production Possibility Curve or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The fact that we decide not to produce is the opportunity cost of what we do produce. For example, a farmer has one acre of land suitable for growing either corn or potatoes. If the farmer plants the corn, the opportunity cost of the corn is equal to one acre of potatoes, because resources are limited; the production of any good

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A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners

A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners Whether you plan to travel to Germany or simply want to better understand the language, learning the German words for weather conditions can be helpful. Discussing the weather is a way to make small talk with strangers. Learning German weather words can also help planning your travels easier. Youll know to avoid rainy days and other bad weather conditions.   This English-German glossary of weather terms can get you started. Once youve reviewed the terms, consider making flashcards featuring the words (and their English counterparts) to better retain them.   A air  e Luft air pressure  r LuftdruckNote:  In Europe and most of the world outside the U.S., barometric pressure is measured in hectopascals (hPa), formerly millibars, not in inches of mercury. In the International System (SI) of measurements, the unit of pressure is the Pascal, named after Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), the French scientist and philosopher who made important discoveries about air pressure. Normal air pressure at  sea level  (MSL, NN) is 1013.25 hPa or 29.92 inches of mercury. To convert between inches of mercury and hectopascals/millibars, one millibar (hPa) is equal to 0.02953 inches of mercury. aloft  hoch droben anemometer  r Windmesser atmosphere  e Atmosphre aurora borealis  s Nordlicht, (nà ¶rdliches)  Polarlicht autumn, fall  r Herbst B balmy  sanft,  lindbalmy breezes  sanfte Brisen,  linde Là ¼fte barometer  r Barometer barometric pressure  r Luftdruck black ice  s Glatteis breeze  e Brise  (-n) breezy  windig,  luftig bright  heiter C ceiling  e Wolkenhà ¶he Celsius   changeable, variable  vernderlich,  wechselhaft chilly  kà ¼hl,  frostigI feel chilly.  Mir ist kà ¼hl. chinook wind  r Fà ¶hn  (-e) der Fà ¶hn:  This warm, dry, alpine wind issimilar to a chinook wind. The wordFà ¶hn  can also refer to an electricblow-dryer for hair.More wind: See  tradewind/r Passatand  sirocco/r Scirocco. clear  heiter,  klar,  wolkenlos climatology  e Klimatologie cloud  e Wolke  (-n)cumulus cloud  e Kumuluswolke cloudburst  r Platzregen  (-)sudden downpour  r Platzregen cloudy  bewà ¶lkt,  wolkig cold  adj.  kaltvery cold  sehr kaltcold, coldness  n.  e Klte cool(er)  kà ¼hl  (-er)somewhat cooler  etwas kà ¼hler cumulonimbus (cloud)  r Kumulonimbus cumulus (cloud)  r Kumulus cyclone  r Zyklon  (-en) D damp  feucht  (-n) degree  r Grad10 degrees Celsius  10 Grad Celsius  (50F) dew point  r Taupunkt  (-e) downpour  r Platzregen  (-)cloudburst  r Platzregen drizzle  n.  r Nieselregen,  r Sprà ¼hregendrizzle  v.  nieseln  (-se) drizzly  Niesel-drizzly weather  s Nieselwetter drought  e Dà ¼rre,  e Dà ¼rrekatastrophe  (-n) dry  adj.  trocken dryness  e Trockenheit dry spell  e Trockenperiode dull, gloomy  dà ¼ster,  trà ¼b dust  r Staub dust devil  kleiner Wirbelsturm  (-stà ¼rme) dusty  staubig E east  r Ost(en)in the east  im Osten easterly  adj.  Ost-,  Ãƒ ¶stlichan easterly wind  ein Ostwind easterly  n.  r Ostwindeasterlies  die Ostwinde eye  n.  s Auge  (-n)eye of the hurricane  s Auge des Orkans F Fahrenheit   fair  adj.  heiter,  schà ¶n fall, autumn  r Herbst flood  n.  e Flut,  s Hochwasser,  e ÃÅ"berschwemmungflood  v.  Ãƒ ¼berschwemmen flooding  e ÃÅ"berschwemmung fog  r Nebel foggy  neblig,  nebelig forecast  n.  e Voraussage  (-n),  e Vorhersage  (-n),  e Prognose  (-n)a short-range forecast  eine Kurzfristvorhersage forecast  v.  voraussagen,  vorhersagen forecaster  r Meteorloge  (-n),  e Meteorlogin  (-nen) freeze  v.  frieren freezing  unter null freezing point  r Gefrierpunkt freezing rain  r gefrorene Regen,  r Graupel  (sleet) fresh  frisch front  r Frontcold front  e Kaltfront frost (hoarfrost), rime  r Reif,  r Raureif,  r Frost frosty  frostigcovered with frost  von Raureif bedeckt G gale  r Sturm  (wind)gale force winds  orkanartige Windegale warnings  e Sturmwarnung gloomy, dull  dà ¼ster,  trà ¼b gradual(ly)  allmhlich greenhouse effect  r Treibhausekkekt gust, squall  e Bà ¶e  (-n)gusts up to 40 mph  Bà ¶en bis zu 60 h/km  (Stundenkilometer) H hail  n.  r Hagel,  r Graupel  (soft hail)hail  v.  hageln,  graupelnIts hailing.  Es hagelt.hail damage  r Hagelschadenhailstone  r Hagelkorn  (-kà ¶rner)hailstorm  r Hagelsturm  (-stà ¼rme) halo (around moon/sun)  r Halo,  r Hof haze  n.  r Dunsthazy  dunstig hectopascal (hPa)  s Hektopascal  (-)Unit of measure for barometric pressure. See note under  air pressure  above and the Wetterlexikon. high (pressure)  s Hoch,  r Hochdruckbarometric pressure over 1015 hPa  Luftdruck von mehr als 1015 hPa high (temperature)  e Hà ¶chsttemperatur  (-en)daytime highs  die Tagestemperaturen hot  heiß humid  feucht,  schwà ¼l  (muggy) humidity  e Luftfeuchte,  e Luftfeuchtigkeit hurricane  r Hurrikan  (-e),  r Orkan  (-e) I ice  n.  s Eisblack ice  s Glatteis ice-cold  adj.  eiskalt icy  adj.  eisig,  frostig inversion  e Inversion,  e Temperaturumkehr isobar  e Isobare J jet stream  der Jetstream K kilobar (kb)   s Kilobar  (metric unit of pressure) knot   r Knoten  (wind speed) L lingering  adj.  Ã‚  zurà ¼ckbleibend lightning   r Blitz  Ã‚   Theres lightning.  Es blitzt. low (pressure)   s Tief,  r Tiefdruck  Ã‚   barometric pressure under 1015 hPa  Luftdruck von weniger als 1015 hPa low-temperature  e Tiefsttemperatur  (-en) M mercury   s Quecksilber meteorologist   r Meteorloge,  e Meteorlogin meteorology   e Meteorlogie,  e Wetterkunde mild   mild,  leicht,  sanft millibar   s Millibar milliliter   r Milliliter millimeter   r Millimetter  (precipitation)  Ã‚   Berlin: Niederschlagsmengen - die Jahressumme betrgt 590 mm. (Berlin: Precipitation - the annual total amounts to 590 mm.) In Hamburg fallen im Jahresdurchschnitt 715 mm Niederschlag. (About 715 mm of average annual precipitation falls in Hamburg.) - 100 mm 3.97 in. monsoon   r Monsun  Ã‚   monsoon rains   r Monsunregen moon   r Mond N nice   schà ¶n north   r Nord(en)  Ã‚   in the north   im Norden  Ã‚   northerly   Nord-,  nà ¶rdlich  Ã‚   northerly wind   r Nordwind O occasional (showers, etc.)   gelegentlich,  ab und zu oppressive (heat)   drà ¼ckend,  schwà ¼l ozone   s Ozon  Ã‚   ozone layer   e Ozonschicht P parched (land)   verdorrt,  ausgetrocknet partly cloudy   teilweise bewà ¶lkt,  wolkig patchy fog   stellenweise Nebel permafrost   r Dauerfrostboden pour  v.  Ã‚  giessen,  schà ¼tten  Ã‚   downpour   r Platzregen  (-)  Ã‚   Its pouring down rain.  Es regnet in Strà ¶men. precipitation   r Niederschlag  Ã‚   20 inches of precipitation a year   508 mm Niederschlag pro Jahr probability   e Wahrscheinlichkeit  (-en)  Ã‚   probability of rain  e Niederschlagswahrscheinlichkeit prognosis, forecast   e Voraussage  (-n),  e Vorhersage  (-n),  e Prognose  (-n) R radar   s Radar radar image   s Radarbild radiation   e Strahlung radiant energy   e Strahlungsenergie rain  n.  Ã‚  r Regenrain  v.  Ã‚  regnen  Ã‚   Its raining cats and dogs.  Es regnet in Strà ¶men. rainbow   r Regenbogen raindrop   r Regentropfen rainfall   r Niederschlag rain gauge   r Regenmesser  (measured in millimeters) rainy   regnerisch rainy season   e Regenzeit S satellite view   s Satellitenbild  (-er) scorching  adj.  Ã‚  sehr heiß sea level  s Normalnull  (NN),  r Meeresspiegel  Ã‚   above sea level  Ãƒ ¼ber dem Meeresspiegel,  Ãƒ ¼ber NN severe (winds, storms)   rau,  schwer,  stark sheet lightning   s Wetterleuchten  Ã‚   lightning  r Blitz shine   scheinen shower   r Schauer  (-) showery   regnerisch sirocco   r Scirocco/r Schirokko  (a warm, gusty Mediterranean wind) sky   r Himmel sleet  r Graupel smog   r Smog snow   r Schnee snowfall   r Schneefall snowflake   e Scgneeflocke  (-n) snowy   verschneit sprinkle   nieseln squall, gust   Ã‚  e Bà ¶e  (-n),  r Schwall sticky (humid)   schwà ¼l storm   s Unwetterstorm   r Sturm  (high winds) stormy   stà ¼rmisch sun   e Sonne sunny   sonnig sunshine   r Sonnenschein T terrible  adj.  Ã‚  furchtbar  Ã‚   terrible weather   furchtbares Wetter thunder  n.  Ã‚  r Donner thunderstorm   s Gewitter tide(s)   e Gezeiten  pl. tornado   r Wirbelsturm,  r Tornado trade wind   r Passat travel weather, travel forecast   s Reisewetter trough (low pressure)   r Trog,  pl.  Trà ¶ge typhoon   r Taifun U UV index   r UV-Index V variable (winds light and variable)   wechselhaft visibility   e Sichtweite W warm   warm weather   s Wetter,  e Wetterlageweather balloon   r Wetterballon  (-e)weather forecast/report   r Wetterbericht  (-e)weather map   e Wetterkarte  (-n)weather vane   e Wetterfahne  (-n),  r Wetterhahn wet   nass wind   r Wind windchill temperature   e Windchill-Temperatur wind current   e Luftstrà ¶mung  (-en) windy   windig

Difficulties of Having a Foreign Professor Assignment

Difficulties of Having a Foreign Professor - Assignment Example When English is taught, it should be a must that the instructors are not comprised of individuals who are not from the English domains. What this would mean is the fact that non-native English speakers must not have the right to teach English because it is not their language and if they get within such domains, there would be immense grammatical errors and mistakes which will come to the fore (Wilson, 1971). What this implies is the rationale that the non-native English speakers will make mistakes which they would not even know about; hence it is understandable that they should be kept at a safe distance from the realms of teaching the English language. One is usually against the dictum of hiring non-native English speakers as the instructors who instill within the students the English language because they themselves are not at par with the understanding and comprehension levels, and hence it is a very common thing that could be taken for granted under such realms. The stance is aga inst hiring the non-native English speakers as the instructors teaching the English language because they will get it all wrong and therefore teach the students what they must not learn in the first place (Viete, 2011). There is a dire need to understand that the non-native English speakers are always looking at shortcuts for their own selves because they aim to learn English without much trouble and efforts within their fore. Now if they get their hands at learning the English language, rest assured there would be immense problems for the English learners because the former will not be able to gather within them the confidence to speak it in an out and out fashion. What remains to be seen is the fact that the non-native English speakers or the foreign professors are bringing a bad name to the English language, as has been witnessed through proper evidence and research. There have been a number of problems within the English curriculum, and this has been manifested with the passage of time in this day and age. The difficulties in having foreign professors are such that there is a lot at stake that needs to be corrected, and the students of the English language are usually on the receiving end whenever the talk goes out loud regarding the non-native English speakers and their pertinent trade (Brown, 2010). The non-native English speakers rely on the short term success pointers rather than emphasizing deep upon the very basics that remain within the aegis of the English language, and hence the problems seem to start out of nowhere. The non-native English speakers who are teaching the English language are doing a great injustice to this language and its followers. Now is the time to realize where the shortcomings are cropping up from, and how these could be resolved amicably to ask for a proper replenishment of the teachers who know how to teach the correct English dictum and thus allow the people to be one step ahead of where they are within this languageâ€℠¢s domains (Walker, 2010). Thus all-out efforts are required by the people within the helm of affairs to take the call and allow the people at large to experience English in its truest form and manner. In the end, it would be sound to state that the difficulties of having a foreign professor are significant to understand, analyze and properly decipher.

Gun Control and Crime in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gun Control and Crime in US - Essay Example Having the knowledge of these issues, there seems a necessity for self-defense. There are Government bodies to help and assist at times of need. However, at that instance it is people, who need to take care of themselves. This was the reason for giving license to self defense gadgets. The Government bodies with intention to increase security and reduce crime rate started giving licenses to these gadgets, guns in particular. However, this decision should be critically examined. It is important to understand if guns for personal security have really decreased crime or have become a catalyst for crimes. This article critically examines the gun laws in the United States. It also addresses the issue whether guns have increased or decreased crime rate in United States. It focuses on some key events that urge changes to be made for future. A case study for the same is given. The later part of the article throws light on the possible alternates and suggestions to be incorporated to reduce cr ime, that is, gun control to reduce crime. The article tries to analyze the relation between gun control and crime in The United States and gives a possible solution for this situation. Crime in United States is closely associated to gun violence and homicides. Crime rate is generally measured by the number of crimes reported per 100,000 people. (US justice stats, 2006) Crime rates have seen a sharp rise from the late 1960's.However recently the crime rate in United States is steady. A study revealed that the crime rate of United States as of 2005 is around 3991 per 100,000 residents. (US justice stats, 2006) Violent crimes in United States are much higher than other countries. Minorities, young and financially less favorable positioned are known to commit crimes. 6 out of the 17 known homicides in California in 2005 are by the poor. Around 35.3% of homicides took place here. (US justice stats, 2006) The year 2005 has recorded to be the safest in the past thirty years in United States history. Nearly 49% of murder victims were African Americans in 2005. It was recorded that 79% of murder victims throughout were males. (US justice stats, 2006) Gun laws in United States are independent to every state. There are a few state level bans for guns like shot guns and rifles. License holders have permits and only a few states allow for an Inter state permit. Alabama does not address the issue of carry permits where as Alaska does give a provision for it (Kasler, 2000). California has the strictest laws in United States that bans guns that have a thumb hole stack, a flash suppressor etc (Harrott, 2001). Almost 60% of states have the carry permit law and others excepting a few have very convenient licensing strategies that can be misused. Case Study: Hindering Crime or Causing Havoc Guns were given to people in order to facilitate self-protection that is defense against anyone who attacks them. This was supposed to ensure safety to life and hindrance to crime. However the Million dollar question is the effectiveness of this act. The free hand given

The role of social capital in the business start-up and Essay

The role of social capital in the business start-up and entrepreneurial development - Essay Example Capital, as stated by the economists, is a produced means of production. The expenditure incurred on capital in business is often termed as investment. This is because with the benefits of investments, an organization can generate economic surplus in future. The concept of social capital has gained importance in the contemporary business world. This concept was initially introduced by the sociologists and political scientists. In the current epoch, the concept of social capital withholds all those social relations that possess productive benefits within them. It is true that the success of growth or prosperity of an organization is derived with the help of easy access of financial or productive factor resources. However, goodwill and social relations are also important for determining factors that influence the success of a new business organization. The brand loyalty for a product can be developed by the consumers only if they are able to use the product. However, it is only social capital that can enhance the brand value of an organization at its initiation period. The business environments in the commercial marketplaces in the current era are highly competitive. In this situation, social capital acts as a core competence and helps a business to start-up efficiently. It also helps these new firms in developing and enhancing their entrepreneurial skills in business (Block, 1982). Literature Review The social capital largely helps the growth of an organization since its inception. Today at the business start up stage, the social networks of the entrepreneurs are utilized. In the later stage, the concept of networking between the business promoters falls under the context of social capital. It is true that by using social capital, the new business organizations gather human and financial capital in their business. This helps the organizations to develop their business in the contemporary competitive marketplaces. It is thus believed that in the modern days, succ ess of business organizations can only be achieved through a quantifiable amount of social capital. Unlike the concept of human and financial capital, social capital is intangible in nature and hence, it is highly difficult to measure it. It is thus true that the recent scholars face difficulty to precisely measure the exact amount of social capital required for business development. In 2001, Cote and Healy had stated that social capital relates to the norms, network and values of a business organization. Measuring the value of social capital has been considered to be one of the most primary tasks of World Value Survey in 2001. Hjollund and Svendsen had stated that the primary well-being of a new venture can only be established by the use of social capital (Stryker, 1998). In the society, social capital not only helps in the formulation of new business firms, but also facilitates the job creation activities. Thus, many economists suggest that in the long run, social capital helps to reduce the amount of unemployment. This is because social capital aids the formation of new firms or business ventures in an economy, thereby raising the employment opportunities in the same. It should also be analyzed that the rate of economic growth in a nation depends on the rate of new business formations. Thus, indirectly social capital is the underlying driving force for economic progress in a nation. In the

How will Brexit Impact the Law Profession?

How will Brexit Impact the Law Profession? The UKs exit from the European Union has brought shockwaves around the world. This article aims to analyse how Brexit will impact the profession of lawyers and its industry. Right now, there is much uncertainty as to how Brexit will impact the UK and its legal industry. However, in the short term, once Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty is triggered, there could be a small boom in legal advisory needed by financial services companies on how to operate in this new environment. For example, Brexit will impact tax, employment, business law, intellectual property and financial regulation. The U.K. legal profession is massive. It contributed 25.7 billion pounds to U.Ks GDP in 2015. It also employs 314,000 people. Regarding global legal services fee revenue, it makes up 10% of it. London-based lawyers might benefit from the weak pound As the pound weakened drastically from the Brexit decision, it might lead to more business for UK based law firms. This is a significant turnaround from Londons reputation as being home to some of the worlds most expensive lawyers. With a weak pound, lawyers specializing in Mergers and Acquisitions might benefit from providing potentially cheap UK target companies for foreign buyers as a result of the weak pound. Lawyers might risk losing their privilege to practice law in EU One of the risks arising from the Brexit is that lawyers lose their rights to EU professional legal right. This means that if you are a lawyer, you might no longer be recognized by EU to practice in the region. A report by consulting giant Ernst and Young predicted that losing EU access could create a loss of 18,000 jobs in the legal and accounting sector. However, this risk remains to be seen as there are likely to be new agreements to be negotiated before the full Brexit occurs. With the significant role the legal profession plays in the U.K., the government has to find ways to alleviate the risks and damage that Brexit will create on the law profession. It cannot just let U.K. lose its prestige as a global hub for legislation and finance. In fact, the U.K. is the worlds pioneer center for dispute resolution. The use of the English law in commercial contract globally should also be protected by the British government. The loss of reputation and relevance of the law profession will create massive job losses and a trickle-down effect on other sectors. The likely relocation of financial institutions will reduce the bottom line of law firms Financial firms are one of the key clients of U.K. law companies, and because of Brexit, they might choose to relocate outside the UK. This could mean the decline of the law firms. In 2015, the five dominant law firms in London earned revenues amounting to 5.14 billion pounds. True enough, after the EU referendum, the private performances of Allen Overy, Clifford Chance, Slaughter May, Freshfields, and Linklaters all slowed down. According to a survey done by professional services group PwC, profit margins from UK operations at the top 50 law firms have dropped by an average of 1% to 1.4% percent in 2016. After the U.K. leaves the EU bloc, the EU will eliminate practice rights for cross-border business. Brexit is beneficial for Law Professors and students dealing with EU Law and Brexit One of the benefactors of the Brexit would be current law students specializing in EU law. Brexit triggers a lot of uncertainty and questions and the law students that can understand the legal complexity of the situation will be very employable upon graduation. The numbers show that some students that got accepted to law courses for the academic year 2015-2016 have more than tripled based on figures from Law Society of England and Wales. With more students joining law schools, it would also boost the demand for lawyer professors. Lawyers can, therefore, part time in law schools and increase their incomes. U.K. legal firms are doing countermeasures As a result of Brexit, many law firms, especially the elite ones are already thinking of counter moves once their key clients decide to move out of the U.K. For starters, many lawyers from England and Wales are applying to be members of the Irish Bar. By September of last year, 411 U.K. lawyers registered in Ireland. There might be more mergers in the near term and increased technology investment As a result of dwindling demand and intense competition, more mergers in the law industry might continue to unfold. For example, there was a recent three-way merger between Olswang, Nabarro and CMS UK. With the stiff competition, investing in new technology might be imperative to survive and to remain relevant. There will be fewer  EU trainees in London law firms Diversity in London law firms will take a hit as there will be less EU trainees going to London for training. These EU trainees bring talents, language skills and relevant country knowledge that could give the firm an edge. Final thoughts on the Brexit At the end of the day, the impact of Brexit on the law profession is rather uncertain. The biggest factor that will determine it will be Brexits economic impact on the U.K. The legal industry depends on many industries for business, e.g. the financial sector. If the financial sector gets dragged down because of economic uncertainty and losses from the Brexit, then law firms will suffer as well. If the economy surges, then we can see the law industry to thrive and even grow. If the U.K. economy slows down, then the law industry will have to adapt and find ways to survive. Another factor to keep in mind is how much of the revenues these London-based law firms make are outside the U.K. If most of their income is made outside the U.K., Brexit would have a limited impact on them. However, if they get mostly their revenues inside the U.K., then they will have to make some adjustments to address this risk.

The Art of Speaking and the Science of Imitation :: Language Expressions Papers

The Art of Speaking and the Science of Imitation The underlying thesis examined here maintains that meaning is simply subjective value which has been presented (i.e., enlarged or made explicit) in words or in some other plastic or static medium. This presentation of meaning consists in the extending of what is felt by the creator-subject to the other subjects. Although this extension of the primary agent may be the very thing which ultimately creates the space from where reflection might occur, the act of expression itself is not explicitly reflective. In other words, one might say that integral meaning is not reflective but rather is purely informing, while reflective meaning has to some degree lost its integrity. Working from these basic claims, I will examine how quality (or qualification) and quantity (or quantification) are related as functions of the languages of art and of science. PART ONE: The Distinction The use of language both as an art and also as a science, i.e., physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, geometry, etc., is the explicit formulation of knowledge (as information), but can we make some clear distinction between these two ways of using language? Is it possible to separate those values as presented through natural language in dialogue from those values as represented by scientific discourse? One way to make such a distinction explicit is to divide the domain of formulation into 'presentation' and 'representation.' Dialogic language use at its most effective appears to express itself in our spontaneous conversation without the "reflecting will" of a knowing subject.(1) Such is not the same sort of language use involved in a scientific articulation. While the aim of science is to accurately represent its area of study through descriptive measurements and mathematical formulae, a true conversation is the creative attempt to present values which are felt by the speakers.(2) In such everyday discourse, the values of the conversants are not per se re-presented, but rather, it is through articulation in language that these meaningful affects can originally be 'broadcast' beyond the aesthetic, emotional, or perceptive life of the speaker.(3) Language becomes the 'living palette' which in fact helps to create the "ideas" (and in further consequence to produce a reflective "subjec t") in direct response to certain felt values. Without the language, there would be no way to express these integral values apart from the specific physical acts of the individual or reflectively in the chaos of dream experiences.

Ethical Issues in Social Research Essay

Ethics is a part of every society and is entwined in every aspect of daily living, however the meaning of ethics or what is ethical differs. Ethics is commonly associated with morality and Webster’s New world Dictionary defines ethical as â€Å"conforming to the standards of conduct of a given profession or group.† Knowing what a particular society considers ethical and unethical is what contributes to living successfully in that society. This is the same for researchers; researchers need to be aware of what is considered ethical and unethical conduct of scientific inquiry. From the time immediately after World War II until the early 1990s, there was a gradually developing consensus about the key ethical principles that should underlie the research endeavor; two events stand out as symbolic of this consensus. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial following World War II brought to public view the ways German scientists had used captive human subjects as subjects in oftentimes g ruesome experiments. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study involved the withholding of known effective treatment for syphilis from African-American participants who were infected. Events like these forced the reexamination of ethical standards and the gradual development of a consensus that potential human subjects needed to be protected from being used as ‘guinea pigs’ in scientific research. There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and avoid error. Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and confidentiality rules in pe er review, are designed to protect intellectual property interests while encouraging collaboration. Most researchers want to receive credit for their contributions and do not want to have their ideas stolen or disclosed prematurely. Third, many of the ethical norms help to ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public. For instance, federal policies on research misconduct, conflicts of interest, the human subject’s  protections, and animal care and use are necessary in order to make sure that researchers who are funded by public money can be held accountable to the public. Fourth, ethical norms in research also help to build public support for research. People are more likely to fund research project if they can trust the quality and integrity of research. Finally, many of the norms of research promote a variety of other important moral and social values, such as social responsibility, human rights, and animal welfare, compliance with the law, and health and safety. Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human and animal subjects, students, and the public. For example, a researcher who fabricates data in a clinical trial may harm or even kill patients and a researcher who fails to abide by regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biological safety may jeopardize his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students. We can’t solve our social problems until we understand how they come about, persist. Social science research offers a way to examine and understand the operation of human social affairs. It provides points of view and technical procedures that uncover things that would otherwise escape our awareness. Often, as it goes, things are not what they seem; social science research can make that clear. Social research is often seen as an intrusion to people, as it is seen as a disruption in their normal daily activities. Social research examines a society’s attitudes, assumptions, beliefs, trends, stratifications and rules. Social research obtains personal information about people, information that might not be known by the people closest to them. The information obtained can then be revealed to other people such as lawyers and doctors and in the case of lawyers this information can then be revealed to their clients; therefore social researchers like to believe that the research will help all humanity. Popular topics of social research include poverty, racism, class issues, sexuality, voting behavior, gender constructs, policing and criminal behavior. Research can be conducted using surveys, reports, observation, questionnaires, focus groups, historical accounts, personal diaries and census statistics. There are two types of research: qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research is inductive, meaning the researcher creates hypotheses and  abstractions from collected data. Most data is collected via words or pictures and mostly from people. Researchers are interested in how people make sense of their lives and in the research process itself. Quantitative research is the complete opposite and most often involves numbers and set data. Quantitative data is efficient but focuses only on the end result, not the process itself, as qualitative research does. Quantitative data is precise and is often the result of surveys or questionnaires. Voluntary participation is a major principle of research ethics and the same applies to social research. Everyone participating should do so voluntary and should not be forced in any way. Participants should also be informed that there is no reward for participating in the research and they will not be penalized if they do not want to participate. Voluntary participation does however, raise scientific concerns, a major one being generalization. This is said because it is believed that only people with the same personality or same traits would volunteer to participate in a particular research therefore the results will not apply to the population as a whole. There are instances where the researcher will not reveal they are doing a research because they will not want the subjects to be affected in terms of not wanting to participate. In these instances the subjects don’t get to chose if they want to participate, therefore the researcher has to ensure that they do not bring any harm to the subjects they are studying. Harm can be defined as both physical and psychological. There are two standards that are applied in order to help protect the privacy of research participants. Almost all research guarantees the participants’ confidentiality; they are assured that identifying information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study. The stricter standard is the principle of anonymity which essentially means that the participant will remain anonymous throughout the study –even to the researchers themselves. The need to protect the subjects has been in part to violations against subjects by medical researchers, like the experiments performed on prisoners of war by Nazi researchers in World War II. Social research should never harm the subjects, no matter if it is voluntary or not. Social researchers should ensure that their research will in no way embarrass subjects or endanger their family life, jobs or anyone else they are associated with. Social researchers have an obligation to protect their subjects, therefore they have to ask the subjects very personal questions about their behavior, income or anything else that may personal agony or harm to the subject. It is because of this that all participants must be informed of the risks involved in participating in research projects. Social researchers should also be careful when writing books or articles about their studies because the subjects often read the books or articles and if they see themselves in a negative way. The key to research whether it is, voluntary participation or avoiding harm, is sensitivity to the issues being researched and experience with applicants. Even when clear ethical standards and principles exist, there will be times when the need to do accurate research runs up against the rights of potential participants. No set of standards can possibly anticipate every ethical circumstance. Furthermore, there needs to be a procedure that assures that rese archers will consider all relevant ethical issues in formulating research plans.

Accreditation policies and their effects on the Canadian economy

Accreditation policies and their effects on the Canadian economy Abstract The main aim of this paper will is to evaluate the impacts of the policies implemented during the accreditation of immigrants in Canada so as to ascertain whether they are effective and their overall impact on the Canadian economy. In the course of the years, the number of immigrated who have been granted entry into Canada has been on the increase at an alarming rate necessitating the coming up with control measures to monitor and manage this numbers.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Accreditation policies and their effects on the Canadian economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The immigration policies in Canada is seen to be complex at the very least especially to the public who are at a loss explaining why Canada is being flooded by foreigners each year. This paper shall therefore examine the major features of the Canadian immigration policies by categorizing these policies according to their goals a nd implementation period throughout the Canadian history line. In addition to this, the paper shall analyze the extent to which these policies and regulations have been successful in achieving their goals and objectives and a cost benefit analysis shall be carried out to examine whether they are of benefit to the social and economic realms in Canada. The issues that may arise from immigration shall also be addressed and critically analyzed in a bid to answer the question; Do policies of accreditation of immigrants in Canada effect the economy? The research done will assist in establishing the extent to which these policies are beneficial to the overall socio-economic welfare of the Canadian government and most important of all its citizens. Introduction Immigration refers to the movement of people from one geo-political region to another mostly in search of a better livelihood. In the context of human beings, this may range from better job opportunities and standards of living to po litical stability. However, immigration is a complex matter with various factors coming into play. In almost all country there are rules and regulations set in place to monitor this movement and avoid over population and other diverse impacts to the host country. As such, nations have through the decades come up with policies that dictate who should be allowed into the country, for what purpose and for how long they should stay. If unchecked, immigration has been known to cause serious series of problems and policies have to be implemented to prevent these devastating issues from occurring (Wallis and Kwok, 2008). This paper argues that the immigration policies in Canada are beneficial to the county’s economy.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To reinforce this assertion, this paper shall set out to provide an insight into how the policies of accreditatio n of immigrants in Canada affect the country’s economy. A brief history of the same shall be given and the effects, advantages and disadvantages highlighted. History of the Canadian immigration policies A report by Alan Green (1996) documents that the first immigration act was written in 1869 during what is referred to as the first period (1870-1913). This act was part of the national policies which were implemented to support three major issues which were: the building of the intercontinental railways, protection of the industrial sector of Canada and helping of people settle in the west. At this stage, such acts were made through the council’s select committee without any intervention from the cabinet. Later on in 1910, this act was amended and gave the cabinet control over all immigration related issues such as composition and the level of immigrants that were allowed into the country. The goals of this act were mainly to protect and secure farmers, women and farm w orkers. It managed to achieve this because in time, the population growth rate increased, the native tribes in Canada were pleased with the act and best of all it was at par with the national policies that were set. However, there arose some complications in the regulatory process in that some people suffered deeply due to this act. For example, business men and those who owned land enjoyed the opportunities that came with while the laborers especially the unskilled risked losing their work. In addition to this, the government promised to recruit immigrants from specific (traditional) countries but instead sourced from other countries. This act had immense economic gain due to increased skill labor, and a high inflow of human capital which not only increased productivity but also maximized on the economies of scale and consequently increased the overall GDP of Canada (Harris, 1999). However social effects of the same were not as appealing; many unskilled workers were faced with unem ployment and racism due to cultural diversity was on the rise. To help deal with the issues in the act, some revisions to the act were made in 1919. A literacy test was introduced and mandated to all potential immigrants, the government put itself in charge of dictating the number of immigrants that were allowed in within a given period of time and also as part of the requirements, all immigrants were supposed to have valid documents such as passports and visas depending on where they came from.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Accreditation policies and their effects on the Canadian economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Green (1996) further asserts that the government also selected the countries from which the immigrants came from and introduced the field for â€Å"nationality† in the custom papers so as to enable the identification of the immigrants home country. However, this did not factor in the b oom and recession periods and in 1918, the government established the Employment Service Council whose main purpose was to regulate the number of immigrants that came in during high unemployment periods and vice versa in the Canadian economy. These revisions ensured that the number of skilled labor in Canada was high; racism was minimized as most of the immigrants were from the United States and Britain (whites). In addition to this, the established council effectively checked on the unemployment levels thereby maintaining good standards of living for the people and maintained levels of output from the economic sectors. In short, the amended act covered both the social and economic welfares in Canada. Over the years, more amendments have been made to regulate the levels of immigrations. For example, admitting people according to the different needs in the various sectors, allowing people with promising potential to development such as agriculturalists, investors and those who can co me in handy while facilitating international trade and businesses. Currently, the Canadian government is using an act which contains the following regulations: the immigration levels must be contained at 1%, management of refugees is handled separately and has its own separate goals and resources, equality is maintained even if it means not reaching the speculated target, the educational levels and language (English or French) proficiency has been increased in point value of between 16 and 20 points. In addition to this, a program has been established to identify all sectors that are low on labor and emphasis is put on the economic aspects of immigration so that the immigrants do not become social burdens to the government and the general public.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effects of the policies to the economy Research strongly indicates that the accreditation of skilled immigrants does not necessarily improve the economic standing of the host country. An article by Schellenberg and Boyd (2008) theorizes that as is with all countries, many immigrants find it difficult to get employment in their areas of expertise when they go to other countries. This is because most immigrants lack the general knowledge of the host country and are unfamiliar with the structure of the labor markets in both the local and national levels. In addition to this, problems such as language barriers, lack of well established social networks which may assist them during the job search, Canadian work experience which is important to the employers and most important of all most of them lack certificates licensed through Canadian professional associations. As such, while the accreditation policies recruit persons in relation to their potential economic contributions to the Canadi an society, such barriers may limit their ability to fully utilize their skills and as a result, they end up being under employed or even undergoing the re- accreditation process so as to meet the Canadian standards. This process consumes time and money that could have otherwise been relocated to other beneficial use. This whole issue ironically leads to increased unemployment levels as the immigrants join in the existing pool of the unemployed as a result of the aforementioned issues. This reflects negatively on a country’s GDP and economic growth. On the same note, Boyd (2008) concedes that age and qualifications from Canadian educational institutions take precedence over other equally important attributes during the employment process. According to the 2001 census statistics, the number of foreign doctors and engineers working in their area of expertise was very low. It was noted that this was due to the fact that the number of vacancies offered to qualified non-Canadians in this sector is very limited and the process taken to get licensed in Canada for these fields is often hard and differs in every institution. Economic advantages of accreditation policies to Canada The immigration and refugee protection act (IRPA) is among the implemented policies from which Canada has benefited the most. The act is responsible for regulating the number of immigrants allowed into Canada. The immigrant entity is crucial to both the social and economical well-being of the Canadian economy. Without it the economy would fall into total chaos and the population would not grow leading to low GDP and productivity (Alboim, 2009). The act provides the immigration authorities with the ability to select and protect the needed human resource with relations to their skills (educational and professional) and absorb them into the various sectors that are in need of such. Consequently, this assists in filling the gaps in the labor markets and improves on unity between the differe nt cultures. Such unity is a crucial occurrence in our world which is progressively becoming more globalized. On the same note, within the IRPA are policies which facilitate the categorization of immigrants in accordance to their various abilities and reason of entry. One such policy is the economic class which regulates the inflow of immigrants especially the skilled ones. This category of immigrants presents the host country with investment opportunities, better innovations, trade opportunities and a wealth of knowledge pertaining to the different cultures. According to Cornelius (2004), immigrants come with extra economic benefits to the host country. He suggests that a larger population means a larger domestic market and an equally large economy which in turn leads to better standards of living and an increase in wealth accumulation. Immigrants increase consumer demand of the local products thereby leading to higher production and if they come in as investors, they help in creat ing employment avenues and opportunities to the local labor markets. The technological transfer which comes as a result of the same may help improve the productivity of the local industries. In addition to this, immigrants offer stiff competition to local employees and companies therefore forcing them to improve on their performances and as a result, more quality goods are produced with high efficiency rates. However in every good thing there must be some flaws. Economic disadvantages of accreditation policies to Canada Immigration has over the years led to undesirable results in many host countries and Canada is no exception. Racism has been on the increase as a result of ethnic and cultural diversity that comes with the immigrants. In Canada, ethnic discrimination is high especially when it comes to the employment process. In addition to this, immigration has been seen as a source of deterred progress when it comes to salaries and wages. According to Kazemipur (2005), immigration is believed to lower the wage rates in all economic sectors. This is attributed to the fact that most of them are either not fully qualified for the jobs or even to the fact that most of them are desperate to get jobs irrespective of the pay. To put more emphasis on this, immigrants who are under-employed produce less than their potential capacity. This on the other hand has serious psychological, social and economical impacts such as low standards of living, increase in violence and crime, and stress disorders which collectively reflects negatively on the GDP levels of the host nation. Additionally, immigration if unchecked leads to over population. This has been known to yield undesirable results in the past. As a result, the host country may be faced with such vices as increased unemployment due to job shortages in the labor markets, inflation as a result of increased demand and low supply, scarcity of resources due to overexploitation by the growing number of industries, and wor se of all environmental degradation due to pollution and search for expansionary land. In Canada, it has contributed highly to the income inequality gap among the people and also to the uneven distribution of industries and resources across the nation (Beach, 2003). Analysis of the immigration policies in Canada Since the first immigration act, the policies made always aimed at safeguarding three main aspects; the growth of the economy, reunification of families and humanitarian efforts as regarding to aid given to refugees (Alboim, 2009). However, there are some policies that questioned Canada’s efforts towards achieving these goals. For example, the 1885 Chinese immigration act was established specifically to discourage Chinese immigrants from venturing into Canada. This was done by imposing a 50$ head tax to all incoming Chinese immigrants especially after the conclusion of the Canadian pacific railway project. This act was purely based on racial profiling as were other im migration policies implemented back then such as the 1919 immigration act through which the Canadian authorities carefully selected the countries from which its immigrants originated from. The list excluded Asian and African countries but included US, Australia and European countries (Dyzenhaus and Moran, 2005). Over time, as the need for immigrants increased, so did the need for reforms to the various accreditation policies being used. The 2002 IRPA has so far been the policy that yielded the best results as a result of the reform and amendments efforts displayed by the Canadian authority in relation to the accreditation of immigrants. In terms of economics, this act dictates that immigrants be recruited mainly on basis of their ability to positively contribute to the national economy. As such, the government has actively introduced new policies and regulations to further tap the benefits that come from immigrations. However, the impacts that these policies exert are worrying to sa y the least especially when we factor in the lack of debate characterized when formulating them. Evidently, little to no consideration seem to be given when implementing these new policies especially in regards to their long term impacts to the immigration system and consequently, the Canadian economy at large. Also, through the e federal skilled workers program, the government has been able to identify immigrants who have high economic potentials and as such hasten their accreditation (2-4 months) process and even less time to those immigrants who have secured job opportunities in the various sectors (economic class). On the same note, the sponsorship policy implemented in 1996 by the Canadian immigration Centre (CIC) has helped most of the incoming immigrants cope with the changes facing them and as a result assist them in settling in much faster than before (Briskin and Eliasson, 1999). The amendments and accreditation policies mentioned above are very noble but they dismiss the fact that most qualified immigrants may require re-accreditation to fully conform to the Canadian standards. Also, these regulations assume the fact that most of them lack established social networks which may be useful during the job search process. In this global community, people are finding it easier to work from wherever they want and such restrictions only eliminate one choice; Canada. In the long-run, this may have hard economic impacts as fewer people apply for work in Canada which may result to a labor deficit and reduction in the population levels which acts as a major indicator of economic growth. Zaman (2006), states that the current policies have been designed in such a way that the immigrants are grouped according to their purpose and length of stay in Canada. This also is a great initiative as it helps monitor and regulate the number of immigrants that are present in a particular category within a given period of time. However, it cumulatively leads to the marginaliza tion of women who through this process are always very few (25% in the skilled category). This therefore paints a bad picture of Canada especially in terms of fighting discrimination and promoting equality. In addition to this, the government recently removed all the restrictions that governed the criteria used and the number of immigrants that were allowed in a given province. As such, the duty to carry out these decisions was left to the province. While an overview of this government undertaking may be seen to be benevolent to the immigrants, a closer look reveals that it may lead to problems in the future because each province has the ability to get as many people as it deems fit without any restrictions. During the low labor demand periods this may lead to a countrywide unemployment wave which would have inconceivable socio-economical effects to the country as a result of inflated unemployment levels. Civil unrest would almost inevitably follow leading to further economic and so cial disaster. Edmonston (1996) iterates that the point based system of evaluating immigrants is to some extent disadvantageous to the Canadian labor market. In some cases, employers sometimes need temporary low skilled workers to help balance the levels of production to the demand especially during the boom periods. However, the educational points are too high for low skilled people to actually manage to migrate to Canada. In addition to this, too much time is used in processing the required papers and this ends up frustrating both the employers and employees not to mention the huge losses incurred in economical terms. Despite all these flaws, there are some policies that have actually helped in the quick recruitment and settlement of immigrants. For example the transition to permanent residence was in the past a hectic process and in some cases unsuccessful. This was because the Canadian government stipulation that all immigrants were expected to go back to their countries and app ly from there. This was very discouraging especially to those immigrants who had established social niches and realized stability within Canada, or those whose nations had stringent policies against brain drain or even red tape in such issues. This imparted huge losses on the Canadian labor market. The government therefore formed the Canadian Experience Class where specialized immigrants like students and temporary but skilled workers would apply from within Canada for permanent residency. On the same note, the government has also established a program that links immigrants to potential employers thus saving them the hustle of manually looking for work. Additionally, another program has been created which helps in the retraining and settlement of skilled immigrants in Canada. These programs have come a long way in solving the major issues that affected the immigrants once they were accepted in Canada. Consequently they make the process of job searching by immigrants relatively easy and also help them in adapting to the advantages and disadvantages that come with moving to a new geographic location. Also, the government has over the years formulated laws and policies that safeguard immigrants and other people from sexual, racial, age, cultural and ethnical discrimination. This has in turn provided the minorities with equal opportunities in the labor market, in status and in the distribution and allocation of resources thereby creating a sense of unity and integration between the locals and foreigners that exist within the Canadian geographical boundaries. The Canadian government has always set its immigration policies in such a way that they encourage the selection of citizens rather than workers. This move has given Canada an added advantage because not only does it support Canada’s population base but it also increases the number of people in the working class age limit thereby improving on productivity and economic growth. This is as opposed to many o ther western countries whose primary basis for granting immigrant status is the economic viability. Recommendations As is with most industrialized nation, Canada is facing a serious problem in maintaining its local population base. This is because the reproduction rates are low in comparison to the desired fertility rate. Statistics indicate that by the year 2030, Canada will rely 100%on immigration to cover the population deficit that will ensue. It is common knowledge that without a working-age population, even the jobs that require low skills shall be vacant. As such, more emphasis should be put in improving the current immigration policies so that they encourage more immigrants to come to Canada. On the same note, the number of immigrants coming to Canada is reducing due to the intense competition for skilled labor in the global contexts. Also, countries like china and India from which most immigrants came from have over the years developed rapidly thus creating more job opportu nities for their own people. Canada can therefore apply the following recommendations in its accreditation policies in order to compete favorably for these skilled laborers: The Canadian government should try and formulate vision that is shared by the whole nation through public debate and dialogue. As earlier mentioned, the Canadian government has over the decade made immigration policies without a care for the public’s opinion. As a result, many of these policies have been ineffective because of the constant challenges that are imposed by the various social groups. Having a dialogue will therefore resolve the key issues that may hinder the success of such policies and at the same time, come up with effective and more realistic policies. In so doing, Canada will realize balance between the economic sectors, households and also within the various categories that they have set for immigrants leading to gradual positive economic growth. The government should also prioritize the skilled workers program because it is the only program that allows them to recruit future citizens in regards to their potential economic contributions. This policy is very important to the Canadian nation especially if we consider the long term ramifications of a low working-population. In addition to this, the immigrants in this category have over the years proven that they posses the ability to quickly adapt to the Canadian environment as a result of their educational qualifications and fluency in the desired languages. To effectively do this, the government should allocate adequate resources to the departments that process these candidates in order to eliminate the delays experienced during the recruitment process. Another recommendation would be the amendment of the Federal Skilled Workers Program so that it can meet the exact needs of the labor market. The proposed revisions should evolve around the point based system of assessment. For example increasing points given to youn g applicants within the working age, people who have family connections in Canada, creating mandatory language tests for all the immigrants that come from countries that do not speak French or English and at least fast track the applications of those that have received job offers within Canada. Also additional points should be awarded to those immigrants who intend to work in sectors that are experiencing labor shortages. These amendments will encourage more people to apply for the recruitment and at the same time pinpoint the skills that are required by the various sectors while avoiding entrance of those that have undesirable traits (Knowles, 2007). According to a Maytree publication, Canada should also work towards the elimination of the Low skill Pilot Project (2009). This was an initiative that was introduced by the federal government in a bid to allow in temporary low skilled workers into Canada. However, this has been a basis for exploitation and abuse especially for the wome n who are at this category. If something is not done soon, the program may end up being part of a bigger problem as human rights launch investigations to clarify this. If the total elimination is not a possibility, then they can formulate another program similar to the Live-In Caregiver Program which has a mechanism that facilitates the transition to leaving in Canada permanently. To assist in doing this, employers should endeavor to advertise these low skill jobs to the citizens and immigrants that are within Canada. This will reduce exploitation because as a result of permanency, they have a right to these jobs and are protected by laws against any form of discrimination or exploitation. As is the case with all countries that imports skilled labor, these immigrants upon arrive and after the accreditation become the responsibility of the federal government. Therefore, the government should ensure that they provide ample support and directions to all the provinces that hosts immigra nts so that they can be able to effectively monitor and help these immigrants quickly settle in their selected environment. In addition to this, they should ensure that the working conditions are favorable and equal among the locals and foreigners. If this is done, Canada will reap off a lot in terms of both economic and social benefits because the immigrants will continue flowing in due to such incentives and also fully utilize their potential in their areas of expertise with ease and freedom of both body and mind. The key to successful marketing lies in the techniques used to inform the public about the product in question. Canada has been engaged in â€Å"marketing† ventures over the years but more needs to be done on the international scene if Canada is to compete fairly with other nations for the skilled labor. For this to work, the Canadian government should start expanding their coverage areas to include more countries and also to provide more overseas services in thos e countries so that they can reduce time wasting and prepare the immigrants from their safe zone. So far, the government has been offering information about the qualifications, the job opportunities and other requirements. This is not enough and as Omidvar (2006) suggests, the government should also incorporate services such as beginning the assessment program from the immigrant’s home country, or employment recruitment from the same. This services if provided will encourage more people to apply because it minimizes the complications that arise when the same is done on Canadian soils. For example, Lack of enough money or lack of a accommodation for a prospective immigrant as he/she seeks for work or even applies for recruitment have been know to be major contentious issues for most people. Finally, the government needs to create accreditation policies that cater for potential investors separately from other immigrants. They should ensure efficiency in time management while cl earing potential investors. Also, they should dedicate the available resources to investments that will yield positive results to the Canadian society and economy. This is important because these investments will protect the immigrants from total poverty all the while creating opportunities for them and the country to grow (Magill, 1997). This can be done by reducing tariffs to those investments that have high potentials of thriving in Canada and those that have high demand of foreign human capital. Conclusion The immigration phenomena is common place in most developed countries and while it may be seen as beneficial, dire consequences may follow if it is not controlled in some manner by the use of effective policies. This paper set out to argue that the Canadian accreditation policies are mostly beneficial to the country both socially and economically. From this paper, a brief history of the Canadian accreditation policies have been offered to father assist in envisioning where Can ada has come from. The advantages and disadvantages of economic immigration have been provided and an analysis of the current policies given. It is evident from the discussions presented in this paper that Canada needs some reforms on its present policies. As a result, favorable recommendations have been made as to how best Canada can capitalize on the opportunities that are associated with immigration. Today, Canada’s need for immigrants remains as strong as ever. This is mostly as a factor of the aging population and the low fertility rates which are prevalent among most Canadian’s. 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